@prefix gaerhf: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix : . # classes :human-figure a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:label "Human figure" . :context a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:label "Context" . :group-of-human-figures a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:label "Group of human figures" . # properties :described-by a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "described by" . :depicted-by a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "depicted by" . :earliest-date a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "earliest date" . :latest-date a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "latest date" . :wikimedia-commons-image-page a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "wikimedia commons image page" . # contexts :cueva-de-las-manos a :context; rdfs:label "Cueva de las Manos" ; :described-by . :goachanas-cave a :context ; rdfs:label "Goachanas Cave" ; :described-by . :sulawesi-cave a :context ; rdfs:label "Sulawesi Cave" ; :described-by . :gwion-gwion-rock-paintings a :context ; rdfs:label "Gwion Gwion rock paintings" ; :described-by . :kimberley-rock-art a :context ; rdfs:label "Kimberley Rock Art" ; :described-by . :kanheri-caves a :context ; rdfs:label "Kanheri Caves" ; :described-by . # cultures :arctic-first-peoples a :culture ; rdfs:label "Arctic First Peoples" ; :region :arctic ; :described-by . :aurignacian a :culture ; rdfs:label "Aurignacian" ; :described-by . :australian-first-nations a :culture ; rdfs:label "Australian First Nations" ; :region :australia ; :described-by . :bactria-margiana-archaeological-complex a :culture ; rdfs:label "Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex" ; :region :central-asia ; :described-by . :chemurchek-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Chemurchek Culture" ; :region :central-asia ; :described-by . :chorrera a :culture ; rdfs:label "Chorrera" ; :region :south-america ; :described-by . :cucuteni-trypillia-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Cucuteni-Trypillia Culture" ; :described-by , . :deer-stone-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Deer Stones Culture" ; :region :central-asia ; :described-by . :dorset-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Dorset Culture" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; :described-by . :european-neolithic-standing-stones a :culture ; rdfs:label "European Neolithic Standing Stones" ; :region :europe ; :described-by , . :gandhara a :culture ; rdfs:label "Gandhara" ; :region :south-asia ; :described-by , . :gravettian a :culture ; rdfs:label "Gravettian" ; :described-by . :halaf-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Halaf Culture" ; :region :syria ; :described-by . :hamangia-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Hamangia Culture" ; :region :southeast-europe ; :described-by . :jomon a :culture ; rdfs:label "Jōmon" ; :region :japan ; :described-by . :khmer-empire a :culture ; rdfs:label "Khmer Empire" ; :region :southeast-asia ; :described-by . :kingdom-of-nri a :culture ; rdfs:label "Kingdom of Nri" ; :described-by . :kofun-period a :culture ; rdfs:label "Kofun Period" ; :region :japan ; :described-by . :lapita-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Lapita Culture" ; :region :oceania ; :described-by . :magdalenian a :culture ; rdfs:label "Magdalenian" ; :described-by . :mal-ta-buret-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Mal'ta–Buret' Culture" ; :described-by , . :maya-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Mayan Culture" ; :region :central-america ; :described-by . :mississippian a :culture ; rdfs:label "Mississippian" ; :described-by . :moche a :culture ; rdfs:label "Moche" ; :region :south-america ; :described-by . :nok-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Nok Culture" ; :region :west-africa ; :described-by , . :nordic-bronze-age a :culture ; rdfs:label "Nordic Bronze Age" ; :described-by . :northern-satraps-of-india a :culture ; rdfs:label "Northern Satraps of India" ; :region :south-asia ; :described-by . :nuragic-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Nuragic Culture" ; :described-by . :olmec a :culture ; rdfs:label "Olmec" ; :region :central-america ; :described-by . :ancient-arabia a :culture ; rdfs:label "Ancient Arabia" ; :described-by . :predynastic-egypt a :culture ; rdfs:label "Predynastic Egypt" ; :region :egypt ; :described-by . :pre-pottery-neolithic a :culture ; rdfs:label "Pre-pottery Neolithic" ; :described-by . :pharaonic-egypt a :culture ; rdfs:label "Pharaonic Egypt" . :roman-egypt a :culture ; rdfs:label "Roman Egypt" ; :region :egypt ; :described-by , . :indus-valley-civilization a :culture ; rdfs:label "Indus Valley Civilization" ; :region :indian-subcontinent ; :described-by . :saharan-rock-art a :culture ; rdfs:label "Saharan Rock Art" ; :region :sahara-desert ; :described-by , . :sogdian-art a :culture ; rdfs:label "Sogdian Art" ; :region :central-asia ; :described-by . :shu-kingdom a :culture ; rdfs:label "Shu Kingdom" ; :region :china ; :described-by . :tang-dynasty a :culture ; rdfs:label "Tang Dynasty" ; :region :china ; :described-by . :tlatico-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Tlatilco" ; :region :central-america ; :described-by . :valdiva-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Valdivia Culture" ; :region :south-america ; :described-by . :wari-culture a :culture ; rdfs:label "Wari Culture" ; :region :south-america ; :described-by . # human figures # for inclusion # stelae of Tutu Fella https://www.theguardian.com/science/punctuated-equilibrium/2011/sep/03/2 # https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_2013-2034-16206 # ?? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpentras_Stele # https://collections.peabody.harvard.edu/objects/details/718505?ctx=fca67ed745c84b026c1daf2626036dbe70d167d7&idx=46 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundigak#Artifacts_found # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rock-cut_architecture # Dunbar Cave http://doi.org/10.4311/2011AN0219 https://www.caves.org/wp-content/uploads/Publications/JCKS/v74/cave-74-01-19.pdf # https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265009540_The_Prehistoric_Cave_Art_and_Archaeology_of_Dunbar_Cave_Montgomery_County_Tennessee # 1300?? https://archaeology.org/issues/november-december-2019/features/america-southeast-cherokee-caves/ # https://archaeologymag.com/2024/07/bronze-age-human-face-carving-in-kazakhstan/ # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagar_culture # https://goaprehistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/earth-mothers-of-curdi-and-usgalimal3.pdf :sulawesi-leang-karampuang-hunting-scene a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Leang Karampuang Hunting Scene" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -49000 ; :apparent-gender :unclear ; :note "See H1-H3 in image, which are taken to be anthropomorphic figures engaged with the oversized pig. Approximate location. From linked article abstract: “... we also assign a minimum age of 53.5 ± 2.3 ka to a newly described cave art scene at Leang Karampuang. Painted at least 51,200 years ago, this narrative composition, which depicts human-like figures interacting with a pig, is now the earliest known surviving example of representational art, and visual storytelling, in the world. Our findings show that figurative portrayals of anthropomorphic figures and animals have a deeper origin in the history of modern human (Homo sapiens) image-making than recognized to date, as does their representation in composed scenes.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Indonesia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-5.028238 119.758602) ; :thumbnail-image . :sulawesi-leang-bulu-sipong-4-hunting-scene a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Leang Bulu’ Sipong 4 Hunting Scene" ; :described-by , , , ; :approximate-date -46000 ; :note "Approximate location. There are human figures to the left of the large bovine animal. From linked article abstract: “We show that a hunting scene from Leang Bulu’ Sipong 4, which was originally dated using the previous approach to a minimum of 43,900 thousand years ago (ka)3, has a minimum age of 50.2 ± 2.2 ka, and so is at least 4,040 years older than thought.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Indonesia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-4.796537 119.548710) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hohle-fels-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Hohle Fels" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -40000 ; :latest-date -35000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :note "Translated from the Museum Blaubeuren site: “The statuette is 40,000 years old and was carved from a mammoth tusk. It broke apart over time in the ground. Six fragments were pieced together to form an almost complete figure. Instead of a head, there is a loop in the neck area. The female figure was once worn as an amulet or piece of jewelry.”" ; :material-note "Mammoth ivory" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :aurignacian ; :representative-latlong-point (48.379167 9.755556) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :galgenberg-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Galgenberg Female Figurine" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -36000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Austria" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :aurignacian ; :material-note "Serpentine (Stone)" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The figurine measures 7.2 centimetres (2.8 in) in height and weighs 10 g. It is sculpted from shiny green serpentine rock which is found in the immediate vicinity of where the figurine was unearthed.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.45 15.6) ; # ll for Stratzing, Austria :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-carved-in-mammoth-tusk a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure carved in Mammoth Tusk" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -35000 ; :latest-date -30000 ; :material-note "Mammoth ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.398333 9.772222) ; # ll for cave :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :aurignacian ; :note "From Wikipedia: “a 35,000–32,000 year-old carved section of mammoth ivory, with a depiction of a human figure. It was discovered in the Geißenklösterle cave in the Swabian Jura near Blaubeuren, Germany.”" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :anthropomorph-toca-da-bastiana a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Anthropomorph at Toca da Bastiana" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -31000 ; :latest-date -15000 ; :note "The earliest date is exceptionally early. See article for description of uncertainty. From article: “Toca da Bastiana: Anthropomorphic figures covered by a 0.2 cm layer of calcite, a sample of which was dated by EPR in 1991 to 17 000 years ago. At the site of Toca da Bastiana, red painted figures were covered with layers of calcite first dated to 17 000 ± 2 000 BP, while other samples were later dated to between 33 000 and 35 900 years ago.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Brazil" ; :representative-latlong-point (-8.666667 -42.55) ; :thumbnail-image . :dolni-vestonice-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dolní Věstonice Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -31000 ; :latest-date -27000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Czech Republic" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “ ... a ceramic statuette of a nude female figure dated to 31,000–27,000 years ago (Gravettian industry). It was found at the Paleolithic site Dolní Věstonice in the Moravian basin south of Brno, at the base of Děvín Mountain in what is today the Czech Republic.”" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (48.877778 16.652222) ; # ll for Dolní Věstonice :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :willendorf-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Willendorf" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -29000 ; :latest-date -27000 ; :material-note "Oolitic limestone" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: ” ... an 11.1-centimetre-tall (4.4 in) [female] figurine estimated to have been made c. 30,000 years ago. It was recovered on 7 August 1908 from an archaeological dig conducted by Josef Szombathy, Hugo Obermaier, and Josef Bayer at a Paleolithic site near Willendorf, a village in Lower Austria. [It] is carved from an oolitic limestone that is not local to the area, and tinted with red ochre.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Austria" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (48.3225 15.404722) ; # ll for Willendorf, Austria :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :brno-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Brno Male Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -29000 ; :latest-date -25000 ; :material-note "Mammoth ivory" ; :note "The site Don's Maps has extensive information on the figure and also quotes other works, as here: “A man's head and body carved from mammoth ivory was found at Brno in Moravia. A portion of the neck is missing, and the legs are broken off. There once were arms and part of one survives, but whether the legs were ever complete is not known. If they were, and were long in proportion, then the figure would have stood some 17 inches (42 cm) tall. In spite of the ravaged condition of the face, enough survives to show that it was no caricature: the hair was cropped, the brow rather low but straight, the eyes deep-sunk. The body is too damaged to judge its degree of naturalism but it seems more schematic than the head. Both head and body are pierced lengthwise. The figure was found with the burial of a man who wore, in his prepared grave, a headdress or necklace made up of some 600 slivers of Dentalia shells, roundels cut from bone, and cut and polished beads of mammoth tooth, and finally a stone disc with a central hole, probably used in drilling and possibly connected with fire making”." ; :in-modern-country-note "Czech Republic" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (49.1925 16.608333) ; # ll for Brno, Czech Republic :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dolni-vestonice-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dolní Věstonice Portrait Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -29000 ; :latest-date -24000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Czech Republic" ; :note "Carved from mammoth ivory with stone tools, the small head measures just 4.8 centimetres high and 2.4 centimetres wide. It depicts a woman’s face with incised eyes, a dimpled chin, and raised nose and mouth, possibly framed by an updo or headdress. This carving appears individualised and is often considered the earliest known portrait of a specific person." ; :material-note "Mammoth ivory" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :Gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (48.877778 16.652222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :brassempouy-gravettian-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Brassempouy Gravettian Head" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -25000 ; :material-note "Mammoth ivory" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “ ... a fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Palaeolithic, apparently broken from a larger figure at some time unknown. It was discovered in a cave at Brassempouy, France in 1894.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (43.6328 -0.6936) ; # ll for Brassempouy, France :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurines-of-kostyonki a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Female Figurines of Kostyonki" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -25000 ; :latest-date -20000 ; :material-note "Ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (51.385833 39.051667) ; # ll for Kostyonki, Russia :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-from-laussel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Carved Female Figure from Laussel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -23000 ; :latest-date -22000 ; :material-note "Limestone; red ochre paint." ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “... an 18.11-inch-high (46.0-centimetre) limestone bas-relief of a nude woman. It is painted with red ochre and was carved into the limestone of a rock shelter (Abri de Laussel) in the commune of Marquay, in the Dordogne department of south-western France.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (44.9447 1.1347) ; # ll for Marquay, Dordogne :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figure-1-zaraysk a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figureine No. 1 from Zaraysk" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -22000 ; :latest-date -16000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.766667 38.883333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mal-ta-female-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Figurines from Mal'ta (Siberia)" ; :described-by , ; :period-note "Mal'ta-Buret' Culture (Siberia)" ; :earliest-date -21000 ; :latest-date -20500 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “ ... 29 figurines altogether. They are about 23,000 years old and stem from the Gravettian. Most of these statuettes show stylized clothes. Quite often the face is depicted. They were discovered at Mal'ta, at the Angara River, near Lake Baikal in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia ...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (52.850045 103.517383) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mal-ta-buret-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-renancourt a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Renancourt" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -21000 ; :material-note "Chalk" ; :note "From world-archaeology.com website: “Carved out of chalk and standing to a height of 4cm, the female figure has the prominent, fleshy thighs, buttocks, and breasts typical of these works from a late phase of the Gravettian culture (28,000-22,000 years ago). The face is undistinguishable and the arms barely there, but more clearly defined features include the figure’s navel and her hair, or headwear, marked out by a grid-like arrangement of thin incised lines.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (49.893932 2.261113) ; :note "Mapped at approximate point." ; :thumbnail-image . :lascaux-ithyphallic-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lascaux Ithyphallic Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -20000 ; :latest-date -17000 ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (45.053611 1.17) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :magdalenian ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lubang-jeriji-saleh-cave-hunting-group a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Lubang Jeriji Saleh Cave Hunting Group" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -20000 ; :latest-date -13000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Indonesia" ; :representative-latlong-point (1.241472 117.329111) ; :thumbnail-image . :female-figurine-laugerie-basse a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurines from Laugeri-Basse" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -17000 ; :latest-date -14000 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “ ... headless, footless, armless but with a strongly incised vulva. The figurine is eight centimetres tall and carved from ivory.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.570278 0.595556) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ignatievka-cave-paintings a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ignatievka Cave Paintings" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -16300 ; :latest-date -13800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.899167 57.780556) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-eliseevichi a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Eliseevichi" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -16000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “iscovered in 1930, near the Sudost River in the Bryansk region of Russia. It is 15 cm high and was carved from mammoth ivory.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (52.95 33.4) ; :note "Mapped point very approximate." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gwion-gwion-rock-paintigs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Gwion Gwion Rock Paintings" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :australian-first-nations ; :earliest-date -15000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Australia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-17.49145 124.53265) ; :note "Location is approximate, as the exact location is not readily available to protect the site. Adapted from Wikipedia: “The Gwion Gwion rock paintings, Gwion figures, Kiro Kiro or Kujon (also known as the Bradshaw rock paintings, Bradshaw rock art, Bradshaw figures and the Bradshaws) are one of the two major regional traditions of rock art found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia. Key traditional owners have published their own account of the meaning of the images.”" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :toca-do-baixao-perna-i a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Toca do Baixao do Perna I Pictograms" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -13500 ; :latest-date -7500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Brazil" ; :representative-latlong-point (-8.666667 -42.55) ; :thumbnail-image . :qurta-rock-art-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Qurta Rock Art Figures" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -13000 ; :note "Image here is Fig. 3 in archeonil.com article. It is difficult to see a human figure. From Wikipedia: “Qurta's petroglyphs, incised in Nubian Sandstone formations along the Nile, were discovered by modern archaeologists in 2005. Using luminescence dating via optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), researchers at Ghent University in Belgium determined the petroglyphs to be a minimum of 15,000 years old, and possibly between 17,000 and 19,000 years old. / The Qurta petroglyphs depict aurochs, birds, hippopotamids, gazelle, hartebeest, fish, “some indeterminate creatures ('monsters' or hybrids)”, and stylised human figures. A total of 185 individual figures have been identified." ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (24.638719 32.960759) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :saharan-rock-art . :face-figurine-afalou-bou-rhummel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine Head from Afalou Bou Rhummel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -13000 ; :latest-date -9000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Image is after fig. 10 in linked article. Catalog entry for this piece: “Tête regardant vers la droite, paraissant anthropomorphe, cassée au niveau du cou. La face est nettement située dans l’axe du cou, alors que les têtes zoomorphes sont plutôt perpendiculaires au cou. Le profil droit est le plus suggestif et le moins détérioré. Sur 2 ou 3 mm, on peut reconnaître, vers le haut du cou, le départ de la nuque, l’arrière du crâne se terminant en chignon et le haut du crâne, plutôt rectiligne. Le front est droit et le menton dégagé est plutôt prognathe.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.644613 5.372751) . :grotta-dell-addaura-inscribed-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Grotta dell'Addaura Inscribed Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -12000 ; :latest-date -8000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Amid a large group of bovids, wild horses, and deer, there is represented a scene dominated by the presence of human figures: a group of characters, arranged in a circle, surrounding two central figures with their heads covered and their bodies strongly arched back.” " ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :epigravettian ; :representative-latlong-point (38.1875 13.352222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bhimbetka-cave-war-painting a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bhimbetka Cave “War” Scene Painting" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -12000 ; :latest-date -8000 ; :note "The dates are approximate and the selected scene could be earlier. From Smarthistory: “Widely acknowledged to be the earliest evidence of art in South Asia, the Bhimbetka cave paintings are Prehistoric paintings found on the Bhimbetka rock shelters in the Raisen district of present-day Madhya Pradesh. Bhimbetka comprises over 750 rock shelters, of which over a hundred have paintings depicting animal and human figures in shades of green, red, white, brown and black. / The earliest of these illustrate scenes from the lives of hunter-gatherers of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods—a time when many animals were yet to be domesticated, humans were nomadic, and collective civilizations were not yet in existence.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (22.938415 77.613085) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :datu-saman-figures-sangkulirang-mangkalihat-peninsula a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "‘Datu Saman’ Style Figures from the Sangkulirang–Mangkalihat Peninsula" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -11000 ; :note "The depiction could be earlier. From article abstract: “... rare Pleistocene depiction of a human figure—also coloured dark purple—has a minimum date of 13.6 ka.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Indonesia" ; :representative-latlong-point (0.943212 118.872765) ; :thumbnail-image . :human-figure-petroglyphs-jebel-arnan a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Human Figure Petroglyphs at Jebel Arnan" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -11000 ; :latest-date -9000 ; :note "Figure 2a in the article (top-left in thumbnail) shows a large human figure highlighted in yellow. Image caption from article: “A. Panel ARN21A: Several small, stylised depictions of women (phase 1, traced in green), superimposed with a large human figure (phase 2, traced in yellow). Large, kneeling camel engraved over the top (phase 3, traced in white)”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Saudi Arabia" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.190099 39.641739) ; :thumbnail-image . :shigir-anthropomorphic-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Shigir Anthropomorphic Figure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -11000 ; :latest-date -9000 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The sculpture is carved from larch. As identified from the annual rings, the tree was at least 159 years old when felled. Stone tools were used for carving the markings. The top portion is a head with a face with eyes, nose, and mouth. The body is flat and rectangular. Geometrical motifs decorate its surface, including zigzag lines and depictions of human faces and hands. Horizontal lines at the level of the thorax may represent ribs, and lines broken in chevrons cover the rest of what often is described as the body; however, along with the face at the top, several faces are visible at various points along the sculpture”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (57.3809 60.1407) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kel_Essuf_Period#Kel_Essuf_Rock_Art_and_Hunter-Gatherers :stone-bowl-human-figure-kortik-tepe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stone bowl with Human Figure from Körtik Tepe" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -10400 ; :latest-date -9250 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.814417 40.983894) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-goose a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine of Female with Bird" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -10000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From PNAS article summary: “This paper introduces a 12,000-year-old clay figurine from Southwest Asia that pushes back the emergence of several fundamental innovations in human symbolic expression. This object is both the earliest naturalistic representation of a woman in Southwest Asia and the earliest figurine to depict a human–animal interaction. Notably, the depicted interaction is not related to hunting but presents a mythological scene between a human and a bird that is consistent with an animistic belief system. Finally, the figurine attests to artistic innovations including and manipulating clay volume and light to create perspective, foreshadowing techniques that become popular in the Early Neolithic that follows.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.779709 35.667810) ; :thumbnail-image . :kel-essuf-style-group a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kel Essuf style Group of Figures in region of Algerian Tadrart" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -10000 ; :latest-date -7800 ; :note "No clear indication of location is given in *L’art rupestre africain* article. There is only a brief description of the group: “Human figures are often grouped together, some of these groupings perhaps representing social relations as a family (see figure 4) or, more evidently, a couple.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria or Libya" ; :representative-latlong-point (23.599340 11.538526) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kel-essuf-style-pair a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kel Essuf style Pair of Figures in region of Algerian Tadrart" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -10000 ; :latest-date -7800 ; :note "No clear indication of location is given in *L’art rupestre africain* article. There is only a brief description of the pair: “Human figures are often grouped together, some of these groupings perhaps representing social relations as a family (see figure 4) or, more evidently, a couple.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria or Libya" ; :representative-latlong-point (23.599340 11.538526) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lapa-do-santo-petroglyph a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lapa do Santo Petroglyph" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -10000 ; :latest-date -7000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Brazil" ; :representative-latlong-point (-19.477183 -44.038056) ; :note "It is not clear that this figure represents a human." ; :thumbnail-image . :pedra-furada-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pedra Furada Rock Art" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -10000 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :note "From Bradshaw Foundation website: “The rock art of Pedra Furada depicts the use of spearthrowers and and traps to hunt. Archaeologists have found a lithic industry incorporating quartzite, flint, chalcedony, and quartz. The number of types of tools is limited and their design is not overly elaborate. / The paintings, termed 'Nordeste (Northeast) Tradition', date to approximately 12,000 years BP. The main characteristic of the Nordeste Tradition are narrative figures representing actions of daily life (leisure activity - 'actions ludiques'), hunting and ceremonial events, as well as abstract and geometrical designs.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Brazil" ; :representative-latlong-point (-8.666667 -42.55) ; # national park :thumbnail-image . :magura-cave-paintings a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Magura Cave Paintings" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -10000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Cave paintings dating from the Epipaleolithic, late Neolithic, Eneolithic and early Bronze Age decorate some of the cave's walls. The paintings have been estimated to be made between 10.000 and 8.000 years ago. The drawings represent important events of the society that had occupied the Magura Cave: religious ceremonies, hunting scenes and depictions of deities ...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bulgaria" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.727778 22.582778) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -10000?? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Abra :gilgal-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gilgal Figurine" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -9700 ; :latest-date -8600 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :note "From Israel Museum website: “H: 36; W: 17; D: 9 cm” " ; :in-modern-country-note "West Bank, Palestinian Territories" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.032778 35.475556) ; :thumbnail-image . :petroglyphs-grotta-del-genovese a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Petroglyphs from the Grotta del Genovese" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -9500 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Grotta del Genovese (in English: Genovese Cave) is located on the island of Levanzo, in the Aegadian Islands, northwest of Sicily. The cave was discovered in 1949. The cave, which opens into the limestone rocks that form the island, preserves significant documentation of Sicilian prehistory, particularly from the Upper Paleolithic period. It provides images of Quaternary animals such as the red deer, aurochs, and hydrontin, as well as some human figures with bird-head masks and headdresses similar to those found in the Addaura caves.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.001689 12.321625) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :monolith-human-arms a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Monolith with Human Arms from Göbekli Tepe" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -9500 ; :latest-date -8000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.223611 38.921667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gobekli-tepe-figure-A2 a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Göbekli Tepe Male Figure A2" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -9500 ; :latest-date -8000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.223611 38.921667) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gobekli-tepe-figure-crossed-arm a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Göbekli Tepe Figure with Crossed Arms" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -9500 ; :latest-date -8000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.223611 38.921667) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gobekli-tepe-totem-figures a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Göbekli Tepe So-Called Totem with Human Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -9500 ; :latest-date -8000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.223611 38.921667) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :column-face-karahan-tepe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Column with Face from Karahan Tepe" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -9000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :note "From Art Newspaper coverage: “The discovery in southeast Turkey of an 11,000-year-old pillar carved with a face could reframe our understanding of how early humans expressed themselves. / The face staring out from a 135 cm-tall standing stone—featuring a prominent nose, deep-set eyes and a sharp, angular jawline—was unearthed last week by archaeologists at the Neolithic site of Karahan Tepe near the Syrian border, according to excavation director Necmi Karul of Istanbul University. / It is the first finding of a human face on a T-shaped pillar—a type of monolith found en masse within a constellation of prehistoric sanctuaries known as Taş Tepeler, or the Stone Mounds. This area includes Karahan Tepe as well as the World Heritage List-inscribed site of Göbekli Tepe, the world’s oldest known temple complex.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.0925 39.303611) ; :thumbnail-image . :stylized-female-figurine-monruz a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stylized Female Figurine from Monruz" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -9000 ; :note "From Wikipedia page: “The Venus of Monruz (also Venus of Neuchâtel, Venus of Neuchâtel-Monruz) is a Venus figurine of the late Upper Paleolithic, or the beginning Epipaleolithic, dating to the end of the Magdalenian, some 11,000 years ago. It is a black jet pendant in the shape of a stylized human body, measuring 18 mm in height. It was discovered in 1991, at the construction of the N5 highway, at Monruz in the municipality of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.” Very imprecise location." ; :in-modern-country-note "Switzerland" ; :representative-latlong-point (47.003677 6.956833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :balikligol-life-size-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Balıklıgöl Life-Size Figure" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -9000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :materia-note "Sandstone, obsidian (eyes)" ; :note "From Wikipedia: ”The Urfa man, also known as the Balıklıgöl statue, is an ancient human shaped statue found during excavations in Balıklıgöl near Urfa, in the geographical area of Upper Mesopotamia, in the southeast of modern Turkey. It is dated c. 9000 BC to the period of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic... / The statue is nearly 1.90 meters tall.[9] The eyes form deep holes, in which are set segments of black obsidian.[3] It features a V-shaped collar or necklace. The hands are clasped in front, covering the genitals.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.158333 38.791667) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :inscribed-figure-pinhole-cave a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Inscribed Figure from Pinhole Cave" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -9000 ; :material-note "Wooly rhinoceros rib bone" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Pinhole Cave Man or Pin Hole Cave Man is the common name for an engraving of a human figure on a woolly rhinoceros rib bone dating to the Upper Paleolithic that is now in the British Museum (cataloged as Palart 854). In 1926, a woolly rhinoceros rib (Coelodonta antiquitatis) that was broken at both ends was found in Pin Hole Cave, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire, England. / The bone is dated to the Late Upper Paleolithic, around 12,000 years old. Near one of the broken ends is engraved a male human figure. The drawing, 5 centimetres (2.0 in) tall, faces to the right; the whole bone is 20.8 centimetres (8.2 in) long. It is clearly a man as he has a penis – this may have been an earlier feature of the bone that was enhanced. His thin arm stretches out from his body. His head may be wearing a mask – or he is just drawn with a protruding nose and jaw. He has legs that appear incomplete, a crooked back, and a long engraved line across his upper body. The surface of the bone is scratched all over; on the reverse side of the bone there are two parallel engraved lines.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.263611 -1.193889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-gypsum-figurine-tell-fekheriye a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine in Gypsum from Tell Fekheriye" ; :described-by ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -9000 ; :latest-date -7000 ; :note "The article by B. Müller-Neuhof in ‘Neo-Lithics’ is not individually downloadablle other than via Academia.edu. From the conclusion: “Finally I would like to repeat my initial proposal for a PPNB date for the crafting of the statuettes from Tell Fakhariyah. In my opinion such a date is supported by stratigraphic evidence, especially the abundant amount of typical PPNB lithic artefacts, referring to a PPNB phase in the occupational sequence of Tell Fakhariyah. Additionally, a hiatus of occupation between the PPNB and the Late Bronze Age can most probably be assumed, according to the earliest pottery finds, which date into the Late Bronze Age (Mittani period). Connecting this stratigraphic information with the iconography of the two statuettes, the time frame in which both items can be dated becomes very narrow.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.84 40.068611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gypsum-figurine-tell-fekheriye a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine in Gypsum from Tell Fekheriye" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -9000 ; :latest-date -7000 ; :note "The article by B. Müller-Neuhof in ‘Neo-Lithics’ is not individually downloadablle other than via Academia.edu. From the conclusion: “Finally I would like to repeat my initial proposal for a PPNB date for the crafting of the statuettes from Tell Fakhariyah. In my opinion such a date is supported by stratigraphic evidence, especially the abundant amount of typical PPNB lithic artefacts, referring to a PPNB phase in the occupational sequence of Tell Fakhariyah. Additionally, a hiatus of occupation between the PPNB and the Late Bronze Age can most probably be assumed, according to the earliest pottery finds, which date into the Late Bronze Age (Mittani period). Connecting this stratigraphic information with the iconography of the two statuettes, the time frame in which both items can be dated becomes very narrow.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.84 40.068611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :male-figure-on-bench-sayburc a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Neolithic Male Figure carved in Bench" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -8500 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :note "From linked article abstract: “A wall relief, comprising five figures carved on a bench in a communal building dating to the ninth millennium BC, was found in south-eastern Turkey in 2021. It constitutes the earliest known depiction of a narrative ‘scene’, and reflects the complex relationship between humans, the natural world and the animal life that surrounded them during the transition to a sedentary lifestyle." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.110047 38.621842) ; # Sayburc, Turkey :thumbnail-image . :flint-anthropoid-figurines-kharaysin a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Flint Anthropoid Figurines from Kharaysin" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -8500 ; :latest-date -6500 ; :materia-note "Flint" ; :note "From article abstract: “This article presents a unique assemblage of flint artefacts from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (eighth millennium BC) site of Kharaysin in Jordan. Contextual, morphological, statistical and use-wear analyses of these artefacts suggest that they are not tools but rather human figurines. Their close association with burial contexts suggests that they were manufactured and discarded during mortuary rituals and remembrance ceremonies that included the extraction, manipulation and redeposition of human remains.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Jordan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :representative-latlong-point (32.203889 36.008889) ; :thumbnail-image . :ceramic-anthropoid-figurines-kharaysin a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ceramic Anthropoid Figurines from Kharaysin" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -8500 ; :latest-date -6500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Jordan" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.203891 36.008884) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :thumbnail-image . :bowl-figures-turtle-nevali-cori a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bowl with Human Figures and Turtle from Nevali Çori" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -8400 ; :latest-date -8100 ; :note "The human figures have been interpreted as dancers." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.518433 38.605756) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :totem-pole-nevali-cori a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "So-called Totem Pole from Nevali Çori" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -8400 ; :latest-date -8100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.518333 38.605556) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :head-nevali-cori a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Head from Nevali Çori" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -8400 ; :latest-date -8100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.518233 38.605656) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tell-mureybet-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Tell Mureybit Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -8000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Virtual Museum Syria website: “Most of the female figurines made during the Neolithic period were shaped out of clay that was slightly hardened by fire but not really baked. This figurine was one of eight discovered on the site of Tell Mureybet. It is clear that the artist sought to emphasize the part of the body linked to reproduction – the pelvic region, or maternal womb, and the breasts, or nourishing bosom. It is significant that all the figurines of this type lack facial features, since these were not directly related to the intended symbolism.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.0434 38.1287) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :thumbnail-image . :tell-qarassa-bone-wand-faces a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tell Qarassa Bone “Wand” with Faces" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -8000 ; :latest-date -7000 ; :material-note "Rib bone, likely from an auroch." ; :note "From article abstract: “New light is thrown on the social context of these changes by the discovery of a bone wand displaying two engraved human faces from the Early Neolithic site of Tell Qarassa in Syria, dating from the late ninth millennium BC.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.822300 41.461109) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :thumbnail-image . # -8000 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toquepala_Caves :phallic-figure-nemrik-9 a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Phallic figure with Human Face" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -7800 ; :latest-date -6500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.716667 42.85) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ain-ghazal-statues a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ain Ghazal Statues" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -7200 ; :latest-date -6250 ; :material-note "Limestone plaster and reed" ; :note "he ʿAin Ghazal statues are large-scale lime plaster and reed statues discovered at the archaeological site of ʿAin Ghazal in Amman, Jordan, dating back to approximately 9,000 years ago (made between 7200 BC and 6250 BCE), from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic C period. A total of 15 statues and 15 busts were discovered in 1983 and 1985 in two underground caches, created about 200 years apart. / The statues are among the earliest large-scale representations of the human form and represent remarkable specimens of prehistoric art from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B or C period." ; :in-modern-country-note "Jordan" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.988 35.976) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # https://www.antiquities.org.il/t/item_en.aspx?CurrentPageKey=112&q=human :ppnb-stone-mask a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Pre-pottery Neolithic B Stone Mask" ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "West Bank, Palestinian Territories" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.528611 35.096944) ; :earliest-date -7500 ; :latest-date -6500 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # link to this from somewhere https://smarthistory.org/running-horned-woman-tassili-najjer-algeria-2/ :round-head-figures-of-tassili-n-ajjer a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Round Head Figures of Tassili n'Ajjer" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -9500 ; :latest-date -7500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Round Head rock art is the earliest painted, monumental form of Central Saharan rock art, which was largely created from 9500 BP to 7500 BP and ceased being created by 3000 BP. The Round Head Period is preceded by the Kel Essuf Period and followed by the Pastoral Period. Round Head rock art number up to several thousand depictions in the Central Sahara. Human and undomesticated animal (e.g., Barbary sheep, antelope) artforms are usually portrayed, with a variety of details (e.g., dancing, ceremonies, masks, spiritual animal forms), in painted Round Head rock art.“" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :saharan-rock-art ; :representative-latlong-point (25.5 9) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tambun-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tambun Rock Art" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -8000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :note "The chronology needs confirmation" ; :in-modern-country-note "Malaysia" ; :representative-latlong-point (4.602 101.1305) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kilisik-sculpture a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kilisik Sculpture" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -7500 ; :latest-date -7000 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: ”The statue is 80 cm high, and dates to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, tentatively to 7500-7000 BCE. The base is broken, and the complete statue could have been about 3 meters high, like the other T-shaped statues at Göbekli Tepe and Nevalı Çori. / The statue shares characteristics with the “T”-shaped stelae with arms on the sides excavated at sites like Göbekli Tepe and Nevalı Çori, and with the statues discovered at the “Taş Tepeler” sites of Göbekli Tepe, Nevalı Çori, Karahan Tepe, or Sanlıurfa-Yeni Mahalle. / The arms join at the front, with hands properly shaped with fingers, over a penis, or the small relief of a human, possibly a child. Below the “child” is a hole, which could symbolize a vagina. This may thus represent a woman or a goddess giving birth. There are some facial features, including a long broad nose." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.804 38.541) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pastoral-period-hunter-tin-aboteka a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Pastoral Period Hunter from Tin Aboteka" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -7500 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria" ; :representative-latlong-point (24.684509 9.693714) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :saharan-rock-art ; :thumbnail-image . :tell-aswad-plastered-skulls a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tell Aswad Plastered Skulls" ; :described-by , , , ; :approximate-date -7500 ; :material-note "Human skull modeled with lime plaster, paint " ; :note "From Wikipedia: “A collection of nine technically and stylistically similar, overmodelled skulls were retrieved from two areas. Detailed study of the skulls is currently underway to provide insight into the traditions and social ties of the villagers. The residents of Tell Aswad reserved a very sophisticated treatment for the dead: skulls were removed and cleaned, with a face modelled directly onto the bone with lime plaster and then painted.””" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.4 36.55) ; :thumbnail-image . :maliwawa-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Maliwawa Figures" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -7400 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Australia" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :australian-first-nations ; :thumbnail-image . :plaster-head-jericho a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Plaster Head from Jericho" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -7000 ; :material-note "Plaster, eyes made from shells, paint" ; :in-modern-country-note "West Bank, Palestinian Territories" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.856111 35.46) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page ; :note "The images of the head on the IAA and Wiki Commons pages are horizontally flipped." . :seated-female-tepe-sarab a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Female figure from Tepe Sarab" ; :desribed-by ; :earliest-date -7000 ; :latest-date -6100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.470195 47.725754) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :neolithic-stone-mask a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Pre-pottery Neolithic Stone Mask from Nahel Hemer" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -7000 ; :latest-date -6000 ; :material-note "Limestone, paint, asphalt" ; :note "From IMG Website: “Made of limestone, this is the largest of the four Neolithic stone masks found thus far in Israel and the only complete example found within a confirmed archaeological context. The back is hollowed out, and the thickness of the mask is uniform and symmetrical throughout. The chin is painted, the small mouth open, with four teeth in both the upper and lower jaw. The cheekbones are prominent and the high forehead is domed, producing a skeletal impression. A radial design has been made with red, green, and possibly white paint, while thin red and white lines outline the round eyes. Eighteen irregular holes are cut into the sides of the mask. Masks served many functions, but primarily invested the wearer with mystery and supernatural powers.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.1392 35.2939) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cave-swimmer-pictographs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Cave of the Swimmers Pictographs" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -7000 ; :latest-date -6000 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The rock shelter and rock art were discovered in October 1933 by the Hungarian explorer László Almásy. It contains Neolithic pictographs (rock painting images) and is named due to the depictions of people with their limbs bent as if they were swimming. The drawings include those of a giraffe and a hippopotamus. They are estimated to have been created as early as 8000 BC with the beginning of the African Humid Period, when the Sahara was significantly greener and wetter than it is today.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (23.594719 25.2335) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :platform-heads-sefertepe a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Platform with Human Heads from Sefertepe" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -6500 ; :note "From Turkiye Today article: “... stone block that carries two different human faces side by side. According to the excavation team, one face is rendered in high relief, while the other appears in low relief, so the two images emerge from the same block with different depths.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.181603 39.495559) ; :thumbnail-image . :head-base-pillar-sayburc a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Head Carved at Base of Pillar at Sayburc" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -6500 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "Date estimtated. From Turkiye Today article: “A carved human face has been identified on the bedrock base of a standing pillar at Sayburc, one of the Neolithic settlements included in the Tas Tepeler (Stone Mounds) Project near the city of Sanliurfa in southeastern Türkiye.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.110316 38.621509) ; :thumbnail-image . :marble-figurines-knossos a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Neolithic Marble Figurine from Knossos" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -6500 ; :latest-date -5900 ; :note "Possibly a Cycladic product. Found at Knossos. From Wikipedia: “Marble figurine of a standing man. The material and the naturalistic rendering of the anatomical details are unusual for the period.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.298056 25.163056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :anthropoid-object-engraved-hair-damjili-cave a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Anthropoid Object with Engraved Hair from Damjili Cave" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -6200 ; :latest-date -6000 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Azerbaijan" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.148056 45.241111) ; :note "From the linked article, “The overall pattern suggests that the artifact represents a human figure. One of the wider surfaces with the most complicated engravings appears to be the front side (Fig. 2: 1b, 2b). The supposed head is decorated with several vertical lines from the top, likely representing hair. The vertical lines are rather short in the middle and depict short hair bangs. Interestingly, the ends of these lines are explicitly delineated by horizontal lines. Further, the face does not show any depiction of facial features such as the eyes and nose (Figs. 2: 2b; 3: 5). Moreover, the top of the head is unprocessed in an area approximately 4.7 mm in diameter. This area is encircled by 2–3 circular lines, which may represent a hairband or the edge of a cap. The top of the head is not decorated.”" ; :thumbnail-image . :cueva-huenul-1-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Cueva Huenul 1 Rock Art" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -6500 ; :latest-date -3500 ; :note "The small human figures post-date the earliest motifs and so may be late in date range." ; :in-modern-country-note "Argentina" ; :representative-latlong-point (-36.949551 -69.801431) ; :thumbnail-image . # -6000 https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/africa/gilf_kebir_cave_of_swimmers/index.php :sha-ar-hagolan-seated-female-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sha'ar HaGolan Seated Female Figure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -6400 ; :latest-date -6000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.686389 35.603333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sha-ar-hagolan-pebble-figurines a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sha'ar HaGolan Pebble Figurine" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -6400 ; :latest-date -6000 ; :note "From the Museum of Yarmukian Culture (MYC) website: “About a hundred figurines incised on limestone pebbles were found in the Yarmukian village at Shaar Hagolan. These are stylized human figures which may be divided into three groups: detailed figurines, face figurines and eye figurines. The difficulties of carving the hard pebbles led to increased schematization of garments and body features, the most common and important of which were the eyes.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.686389 35.603333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :praroditeljka-lepenski-vir a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Praroditeljka (“Foremother”) from Lepenski Vir" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -6300 ; :latest-date -5900 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Probably the best known is the Praroditeljka, or “Foremother”, pictured above right. 51 cm × 39 cm (20 in × 15 in), the image is often exploited in the media and became a symbol of Lepenski Vir. Srejović and Babović considered it “impressive”, a possible embodiment of the female principle of the fishlike beings. She is thought to be equal to the opposite, male version, “Danubius”. Female elements and attributes appear canonical, symmetrical, rigid and though shaped like a figure, eventually quite reduced. She has two vents on her shoulders. Traces of the original red coating pigment are still visible.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Serbia" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.561111 22.024167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :catalhoyuk-seated-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Catalhoyuk Seated Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -6000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük (also Çatal Höyük) is a baked-clay nude female form seated between feline-headed arm-rests. The figurine is 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) long, 11 centimeters (4.3 inches) wide, 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) high, and weighs 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds).”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.666667 32.828056) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pre-pottery-neolithic ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kayseri-rock-paintings a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kayseri Rock Paintings" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -6000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :note "Approximate location. From linked article: “... human-shaped motifs rendered in red pigment on the inner rock face, interpreted as one of the earliest symbolic scenes in Central Anatolia.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.304952 35.554091) ; :thumbnail-image . :bangudae-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bangudae Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -6000 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :note "Better image needed. From Wikipedia: “The figures are side views of the whole body with a somewhat exaggerated penis or front images of people with mask-like faces spreading their four limbs. There are engravings of people hunting animals with a bow, raising their hands, and playing a long rod like a musical instrument, recalling hunting and religious acts.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "South Korea" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-korea ; :representative-latlong-point (35.5991 129.185) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sesklo-female-figurine-torso a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Torso of Female Figurine from Sesklo" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5800 ; :latest-date -5300 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Torso of woman with hands on chest." ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.357 22.833) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-greece ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :house-chimney-human a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "House Model with Chimney in form of Human Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5800 ; :latest-date -5200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From museum website: “... anthropomorphic model of a house with a rectangular base, with inverted T-shaped openings on four sides. The roof is set in two sides topped with chimney. The chimney is presented in the form of a head with a realistic presentation of the eyes, nose and mouth ...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Northern Macedonia" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.937159 21.373550) ; :thumbnail-image . :halaf-culture-seated-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Halaf Culture Seated Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5600 ; :latest-date -5000 ; :material-note "Clay" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria and Neighboring" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :halaf-culture ; :thumbnail-image . :female-figurines-hacilar a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Female Figurines from Hacilar" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -5600 ; :latest-date -5000 ; :note "It is likely that individual figurines can be more closely dated." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.584833 30.084472) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :male-figurine-cerje a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Male Figurine from Cerje" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -5500 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “Dating from the 6th millennium BC, the sculpture's creator represented a sitting male body, showing details of the spine, ribs and navel, and with erect phallus." ; :in-modern-country-note "Macedonia" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.991 21.4289) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :thessalian-neolithic-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Neolithic Figurine from Thessaly" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5300 ; :latest-date -3300 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-greece ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mestikawi-cave-group-scenes a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Mestikawi Cave Group Scenes" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -5000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The shelter is 17 m (56 ft) wide and almost 7 m (23 ft) high and contains over 5,000 well-preserved figures painted with red, yellow, white and black pigments. Hundreds of hand and foot stencil are over-painted with groups of human creatures and therianthropic and acephalic (headless) mythological creatures.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (23.653333 25.159722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hamangia-seated-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Hamangia Female and Male Seated Figures" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -5000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “UUnearthed in 1956 near Cernavodă, in southeastern Romania, these ceramic figures were discovered within a vast cemetery belonging to the Hamangia culture. This culture had a tradition of burying their deceased in designated areas known as necropolises, often accompanied by funerary items ... figurines like The Thinker. The Thinker and its companion, The Sitting Woman, were found within a necropolis containing approximately 400 graves." ; :in-modern-country-note "Romania" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.338056 28.033611) ; # ll for Cernavoda, Romania :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :hamangia-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :halaf-culture-painted-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Halaf Culture Painted Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -4500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria and Neighboring" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :halaf-culture ; :thumbnail-image . :figurines-arene-candide a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Figurines from the Arene Candide Cave" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -4200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From linked website: “20 statuettes, only some intact and most of them reduced to fragments, found inside the cave of the Arene Candide in the various layers of excavation, most of them on reworked ground and only a few of them come from levels dated with certainty to Middle Neolithic, precisely to the culture of square-mouthed vessels (5000-4200 BC); due to stylistic analogies, even the finds without context can be referred to the same chronological horizon.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.1618 8.326389) ; :thumbnail-image . :female-figurine-saliagos a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Saliagos" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “...marble figure from the Aegean Neolithic period from Saliagos between Paros and Antiparos. Missing head and left shoulder. Found during the excavations of Saliagos in 1964/65 by John Davies Evans and Colin Renfrew.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.048 25.094) ; # Saliagos :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-yarim-tepe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Yarim Tepe" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Painted vessel figurine of a nude woman from Yarim Tepe II settlement. Halaf culture, 5th millennium BCE. Iraq Museum”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.32045 42.3675) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :male-figure-bir-es-safadi a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Male figure in Ivory from Bir es Safadi" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :material-note "Hippopotamus Ivory" ; :note "From Louvre website: “Hauteur : 24,8 cm ; Longueur : 4,7 cm ; Epaisseur : 4,2 cm”" ; :modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.244865 34.840366) ; :thumbnail-image . :anthropomorphic-design-ceramic-banpo a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Anthropomorphic Design on Ceramic Vessel from Banpo" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Banpo is known for a characteristic type of decorative pottery, with a red clay coating all over the body, and geometrical drawings in black, typically depicting a round human head with some fish around it. The round human head had a triangular design on top.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.273 109.051) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ennedi-plateau-archaic-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ennedi Plateau Archaic Rock Art" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :note "From BM Website: “...painted rock art on a rock face showing eight human figures. To the left there are five human figures partially outlined in red, partially defined by series of red dots. Figures are depicted upright, facing front or right, with arms and legs in different positions (splayed, outstretched down or to the left).”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Chad" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.038890 21.862235) ; :thumbnail-image . :golpayegan-region-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Golpayegan Region Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :note "No single landing page found." ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.450833 50.281667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :angono-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Angono Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “There are 127 drawings in the form of animate and static figures of circular or dome-like head on top of a V-shaped torso distributed on a horizontal plane on the rock wall area measuring 25 meters by 3 meters.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Philippines" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.532872 121.18679) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :skiers-reindeer-petroglyph a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Skiers and Reindeer Petroglyph (Belomorsky District)" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ ... cluster at the White Sea (Belomorsky District) has 11 sites with over 3400 figures, and according to the Permanent Delegation of the Russian Federation to UNESCO, they are clearly aligned towards hunting ...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (61.799916 35.893820) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :rock-art-of-sierra-de-san-francisco a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Rock Art of Sierra de San Francisco" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :material-note "Paint on rock" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.655561 -112.91611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -5000 - -4200 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiroft_culture # https://saudipedia.com/en/article/875/history/landmarks-and-monuments/suffering-man-statue # no image of original ?? # :female-figurine-langenzersdorf a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Female Figure from Langenzersdorf" ; # :described-by ; # :approximate-date -4825 . :gamigaya-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Gamigaya Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -5000 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :note "Is there a more specigic chronology for individual human figures?" ; :in-modern-country-note "Azerbaijan" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.16 45.92) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sesklo-figurine-with-child a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sesklo Figurine with Child" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4800 ; :latest-date -4500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Adapted from NM website: “Clay female figure seated on stool, supporting and feeding an infant held against her chest. The infant's face is partially obscured by the mother's chest. One of the child's hands is positioned on the mother's right breast, and the other is wrapped around her back. The mother's arms are wrapped around the child's torso, securing it in a position for nursing.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.355 22.835) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-greece ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-caelic a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurines from Cealîc" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4600 ; :latest-date -4400 ; :note "From National Museum of the History of Moldova website: The figurine is made of fine clay paste, mixed with crushed ceramic, and its surface is covered with a layer of light brown engobe. It is made in a realistic manner, traditional for the Gumelnița culture, and shows a female figure in a vertical position, with folded and raised arms, in the so-called “Oranta” pose, which is widespread in the Orthodox iconographic tradition, when the image of the Mother of God is depicted. The figure's head placed on a tall cylindrical neck has a flattened shape, the nose is represented by a vertical belt, and the eyes - by two holes. The body is flattened, widening sharply at the bottom. On the surface of the body, the chest and navel are well highlighted. The buttocks and legs are well contoured and decorated in a voluminous manner. The surface of the buttocks is decorated with spiral-shaped incisions, and the thighs - with vertical and oblique incisions. A horizontal belt can be seen below the knees, which possibly represents the upper part of the footwear of the type of high boots. On the arms and in the lower part of the body there are holes, intended for hanging some accessories.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Moldova" ; :representative-latlong-point (45.994692 28.552875) ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-female-pazardzik a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Female Figurine from Pazardzik" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -4500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Google Arts and Culture: “The figure from Pazardzhik has a hollow lower part and represents a woman sitting on a round stool, with her hands on her hips. The nostrils, mouth and lower body openings were made by piercing the damp clay. The body is decorated with scratches, leading to speculation about tattooing or body painting. The surface of the dried and leathery clay was brilliantly polished before firing.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bulgaria" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.2 24.333333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figurine-slatino a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine from Slatino" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -4500 ; :note "The date is an estimate and may even be incorrect." ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bulgaria" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.166667 23.05) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bonu-ighinu-statuette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bonu Ighinu Statuette" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -4500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :note "Approximate location." ; :representative-latlong-point (40.416667 8.633333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-figure-vinca a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure from Vinča-Belo Brdo" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4500 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :note "From BM website: “Terracotta figurine, depicting a stylized figure. Incised decoration represents clothing and body ornament, and the ears, shoulders and elbows are pierced, possibly to hold other decorative elements.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Serbia" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.761944 20.623056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-el-badari a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine possibly from El-Badaari" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4500 ; :latest-date -3600 ; :note "From Wikipedia image caption: “Clay anthropomorphic head, Late Chalcolithic period, c. 4250 BC, Hamangia Culture, found submerged in Varna Lake.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :note "It is not certain that El-Badari is the findspot." ; :representative-latlong-point (26.9925 31.4156) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kilia-type-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kilia-type Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4500 ; :latest-date -3500 ; :note "Findspot not known. Mapped to Kulaksizlar, location of a related workshop. From Getty website: “This figure represents a highly stylized standing nude female. Her bulbous head, long neck, and flat body are characteristic of the Kilia type of female figurines, named after the village in northwest Turkey where the first examples were found. Carved from translucent white marble, these figures typically have carefully detailed eyes, noses, and ears. Although the ears and nose of this statuette are defined by carving, the eyes originally would have been enhanced with paint. An incised triangle emphasizing the pubic area confirms the statuette’s identity as female. Additional incisions on the front of the figure outline the tops of the thighs, while a horizontal line accents the hips across the back.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.812 27.896) ; :thumbnail-image . :female-figurine-el-badari-bm a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from El-Badari" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4400 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :material-note "Hippopotamus Ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :represenative-latlong-point (26.9925 31.4156) ; :thumbnail-image . :head-from-lake-varna a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Head from Varna" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4500 ; :latest-date -4000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bulgaria" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.213056 27.864444) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :varna-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :karpathos-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Karpathos Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4500 ; :latest-date -3200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :note "Mapped generically to the Island of Karpathos for now. From BM website: “A thick slab worked flat, with beak nose, pointed breasts and vulva triangle left in high relief on the front. The eyebrows are marked by incised lines. Above the slit in the vulva triangle are four incised lines to represent the pubic hair; below is a horizontal groove.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.764416 27.180286) ; :thumbnail-image . :figurine-oltenita a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine from Oltenița" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4200 ; :latest-date -3900 ; :note "Mapped to modern town." ; :in-modern-country-note "Romania" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.086667 26.636667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :vessel-female-vidra a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Vessel in Female Form from Vidra" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4200 ; :latest-date -3900 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "No discrete landing page known. The current info here is very much a placeholder." ; :in-modern-country-note "Romania" ; :representative-latlong-point (46.352209 22.898067) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :rock-art-alta a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Rock Art at Alta" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4200 ; :latest-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Norway" ; :representative-latlong-point (69.946944 23.187778) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cucuteni-trypillia-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cucuteni-Trypillia Figurine" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4050 ; :latest-date -3900 ; :in-modern-country-note "Romania" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :cucuteni-trypillia-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (48.016667 26.816667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -4000 - -3000 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasséen_culture "Stele de Lauris" :female-figurine-kolobrzeg a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Kołobrzeg" ; :described-by , , ; :approximate-date -4000 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Poland" ; :note "Mapped to approximate point. From Archaeology Magazine website: “ ... the figure is rather simplistically crafted and has no discernible facial features. The lower limbs seem to have been created by striking the stone with a hard tool.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.176111 15.576111) ; :thumbnail-image . :suffering-man a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of So-Called Suffering Man" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -4000 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... statue comprises a human head and torso. It stands at 75 cm high, 25 cm wide and 7 cm deep.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Saudi Arabia" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.869334 42.050495 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :yangshao-vessel-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Yangshao Vessel with Human Head" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.014992 105.926847) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-laying-vessel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure Laying Down in Vessel" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3500 ; :note "It is not clear what the figure lies in. Boat and womb have been suggested." ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.9 32.716667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :miaodigou-phase-ceramic-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Miaodigou Phase Ceramic Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3500 ; :note "The Wikimedia Commons image page quotes a full description." ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.553938 106.216909) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :anthropomorphic-stele-ha-il a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Anthropomorphic Stele from Ha'il" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Saudi Arabia" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.516667 41.683333) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :merimde-clay-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Merimde Clay Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.316 30.85) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :stone-amulet-dornod-mongolia a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stone amulet from Dornod Region, Mongolia" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mongolia" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.066667 114.5) ; :note "Generic point within Dornod Province" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sydney-area-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Paired Male and Female from Syndey-area Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The engravings cannot be dated straightforwardly with contemporary archaeological methods, necessitating the use of indirect dating. The Sydney engravings are of a style known as “simple figurative”, which formulaic archaeology dates to around 3,000 BC and 4,000 BC, which is contemporaneous to the Neolithic period in Eurasia. Other engravings show European sailing ships, and so those cannot be more than about 200 years old. It is likely that some of the freshest engravings represent the later part of that time range, whilst the most worn represent the earliest part. However, the situation is complicated by the fact that the engravings were sometimes “re-grooved” during ceremonies.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Australia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-33.630948 151.227760) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :reclining-figure-hal-saflieni a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Reclining Figure from Hal Saflieni Hypogeum" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :note "From World History Encyclopedia: “Temple Period, 4000 - 2500 BCE. This clay figure of a reclining lady was found in one of the pits of the Hypogeum in Hal Saflieni in Malta. It has traces of red ochre paint and is thought to represent a “mother goddess”, even though she may equally be a representation of death or eternal sleep." ; :in-modern-country-note "Malta" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.869583 14.506806) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :twyfelfontein-rock-painting a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Twyfelfontein Rock Painting" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -4000 ; :latest-date -1 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Twyfelfontein valley has been inhabited by Stone-age hunter-gatherers of the Wilton stone age culture group since approximately 6,000 years ago. They made most of the engravings and probably all the paintings.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Namibia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-20.590556 14.372222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :neolithic-figurine-karditsa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Neolithic Figurine from Karditsa" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -3900 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-europe ; :representative-latlong-point (39.366667 21.916667) ; # ll for Karditsa, Greece :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/547202 # -3800 - -3600 https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/objects/3360 :westray-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Westray Figurine" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -3800 ; :latest-date -2500 ; :note "Wikimedia Commons image is dark. See other sites. From Historic Environment Scotland site: “Known both as the ‘Orkney Venus’ and the ‘Westray Wifie’, this Neolithic figurine is just 4cm tall. Made of stone, its rounded head has two eyeholes, a brow line and markings to suggest a nose and mouth. The long, lozenge-shaped torso looks a little like the exaggerated form of a woman, with wide hips. The figurine was found in 2009 during a Historic Scotland dig at Links of Noltland. It’s the earliest depiction of a human form found in Scotland – and the earliest portrayal of a face found in the United Kingdom. The figurine is on loan from the Crown and is currently on display at Westray Heritage Centre.”" ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Scotland" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-europe ; :representative-latlong-point (59.322778 -3) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pecos-river-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pecos River Valley Rock Art" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -3700 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :note "From Science Advances article: “The larger panels can measure 150 m long and 15 m high, requiring ladders or scaffolding to produce. Previous stratigraphic analyses using digital microscopy, coupled with iconographic studies, suggest that some of the murals are planned, narrative compositions, rather than random collections of images painted across time (8, 18, 35). They include anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, and enigmatic figures, as well as elaborate conflations of all three (Fig. 4). Anthropomorphs range in size from 10 cm to 8 m tall and are portrayed with an assemblage of accoutrements and paraphernalia.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.346464 -104.079871) ; :thumbnail-image . :fate-bell-rock-art a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Fate Bell Shelter Pecos Style Rock Art" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3700 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :note "From Bradshaw Foundation website: “Fate Bell Annex, Fate Bell Shelter and Running Horse Shelter are all situated in Seminole Canyon State Park and Historic Site. Seminole Canyon is a major tributary of the Rio Grande River. Fate Bell is one of the most famous and largest Pecos River Style rock art sites in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands Archeological District — A National Historic Landmark.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.6985721 -101.3125562) ; :thumbnail-image . :egyptian-predynastic-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Egyptian Predynastic Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3650 ; :latest-date -3300 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.121757 32.735297) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :predynastic-egypt ; :thumbnail-image . :predynastic-clay-mask a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Predynastic Clay Mask" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3600 ; :latest-date -3500 ; :note "From the Wikimedia Commons page, itself quoting a fuller description: “Tomb 16 is a large tomb of the Naqada IC–IIA period into which a bricklined tomb of the Naqada IIIA2 period had later been inserted in what now appears to be an act of respectful renovation rather than usurpation (Hendrickx 2008: fig. 5). (...) In all probability, the two famous ceramic masks also originate from this tomb (Fig. 2). Some fragments were found in the tomb fill, although the majority were collected in surface and subsurface levels to the west and especially to the south, where the beard to the smaller mask was recovered in 2010.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.097222 32.779444) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :corpulent-hagar-qim a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Corpulent Figure from Ħaġar Qim" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3600 ; :latest-date -3200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Malta" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.827778 14.442222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-niuheliang a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurines from Niuheliang" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -3500 ; :note "From wikipedia: “Female torso, 3500 BC, Hongshan Culture, Liaoning, 1982. Height 7.8 cm. Red brown terracotta.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.322015 119.51319) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pre-dynastic-jar-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pre-dynastic Jar with Figures" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -3500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Smarthistory Website: “A boat is drawn on each side of this pot. Above them are stylized human figures: a dancing woman with her hands raised over her head, and two men holding clappers or casinets. The woman is perhaps a goddess or priestess, and the scenes on this pot can be understood as episodes in a ritual or ceremony. On one side, the woman is called forth from the boat by the playing of one man, while the other man helps to raise her up. On the other side, both men beat out the tune, as she dances for them, conferring her blessings on them. The feathers worn in the hair of one man represents victory.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.142143 31.985322) ; :thumbnail-image . :predynastic-figurine-nubt a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Predynastic Female Figurines, possibly from Naqada" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3500 ; :latest-date -3300 ; :note "From Met Museum website: “This limestone figurine is the finest preserved of unusual group of Predynastic statuettes. These seated women display beak-like noses and missing or schematized arms. The hair, narrow waist and wide hips are clearly shown to emphasize female sexuality. The light colored surface created an ideal canvas for painted details, including jewelry and animal figures that scholars now believe are associated with a ritual activity.”." ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.9 32.716667) ; :thumbnail-image . :gebel-el-arak-knife a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gebel el-Arak Knife" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3500 ; :latest-date -3200 ; :material-note "Elephant ivory handle, Flint blade." ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.185 31.918889) ; # ll for Gebel el-Arak, Egypt :note "From Wikipedia: “The Gebel el-Arak Knife, also Jebel el-Arak Knife, is an ivory and flint knife dating from the end of the Naqada II period of Egyptian prehistory (c.3300–3200 BC), showing Mesopotamian influence. The knife was purchased in 1914 in Cairo by Georges Aaron Bénédite for the Louvre, where it is now on display in the Sully wing, room 633. At the time of its purchase, the knife handle was alleged by the seller to have been found at the site of Gebel el-Arak, but it is today believed to come from Abydos.”" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :predynastic-egypt ; # can be more specific :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :face-pot-manehoj a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Face Pot from Månehøj Tomb" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3500 ; :latest-datae -3000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Denmark" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.114887 11.740591) ; :thumbnail-image . :warka-vase a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Warka Vase" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3500 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :material-note "Alabaster" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.324167 45.637222) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :sumerian ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :niuheliang-figure-jade-eyes a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Niuheliang Temple figure with Jade Eyes" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3500 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :materia-note "Jade, ceramic" ; :note "I have not found a good, discrete page for this object The *Ancient Origins* has many adds." ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.322015 119.51319) ; :thumbnail-image . :bovine-human-laas-geel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bovine and Human from Laas Geel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3500 ; :latest-date -2500 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “In an excellent state of preservation, the rock art depicts wild animals and decorated cattle (cows and bulls). They also feature herders, who are believed to be the creators of the paintings.[8] Laas Geel's rock art is executed in the same distinctive Ethiopian-Arabian style as the Dhambalin and Karinhegane cave paintings that are also situated in Somaliland.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Somaliland" ; :representative-latlong-point (9.780911 44.443642) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :statue-min-koptos a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of Min from Koptos" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -3300 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.995556 32.815833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mask-of-warka a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mask of Warka" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :sumerian ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pair-gilded-male-statues-tell-el-farkha a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pair of Gilded Male Statues from Tell el-Farkha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -3000 ; :material-note "Gold foil" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... gold fragments formed two statues of naked men with lapis lazuli eyes. The statuettes represent standing naked males. The high is 60cm for the tallest, and 30cm for the other one. The statues featured “large protruding ears, unnaturally large phalluses, and carefully modeled fingernails and toenails”. The lapis lazuli came from what is now modern day Afghanistan. The figurines represent bald individuals, with no facial hair and large protruding ears. They are equipped with very large phallus sheaths, one of them decorated with a carved band around it. The larger figure also has a necklace. The core of the statuettes (now decomposed) was made of wood, which was covered with thin sheets of gold fastened by 140 golden rivets.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.870556 31.6025) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :idol-garrovillas a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Idol of Garrovillas" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -2200 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "Translated and adapted from Spanish Wikipedia; “The Idol of Garrovillas de Alconetar is a Chalcolithic, anthropomorphic with prominent eyes plaque idol... roughly rectangular, flat stone slab measuring 16.30 x 7.90 cm and 1.40 cm thick. On the obverse, a face is visible, formed by two perforations for eyes, eyebrows, and a nose created by indentations representing the eye sockets and cheeks. The lines on what would be the cheeks have been interpreted as facial tattoos. Below, two arms and what has been interpreted as the pubic triangle are visible. The reverse has zigzag lines, possibly representing a hairstyle.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.7131229 -6.5494671) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-statuette-ozieri a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Ozieri Culture Female Statuette" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -2800 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "There is not an individual landing page for this object. From the Ozieri Culture Wikipedia page: “Figurines recovered indicate the Ozieri may have worshiped a mother goddess, with the most well known example being an alabaster statuette found at Ponto Ferro Tomb, Senorbì, and sharing some stylistic characteristics with later Cycladic figures.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.533333 9.133333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-majiayao-vessel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure on Majiayao Vessel" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.516667 102.416667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :stone-relief-figure-of-saint-sernin a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stone Relief Figure of Saint Sernin" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -2800 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.883171 2.604124) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :european-neolithic-standing-stones ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :stone-relief-figure-of-maurels a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stone Relief Figure of Maurels" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3200 ; :latest-date -2800 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.961082 2.739499) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :european-neolithic-standing-stones ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :thinite-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Thinite Female Figurine" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3100 ; :latest-date -2700 ; :note "Mapped to the site of Thinis" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.333333 31.9) ; :thumbnail-image . :narmer-palette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Narmer Palette" ; :approximate-date -3000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.097222 32.779444) ; # ll for Hierakonpolis, Egypt :described-by , ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pharaonic-egypt . :cross-shaped-figure-pomos a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cross-shaped Figure from Pomos" ; :desribed-by ; :approximate-date -3000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Cyprus" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.159722 32.545) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :stele-vado-all-arancio a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stele from Vado all'Arancio" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :note "From Italian Wikipedia: “La stele, o più propriamente statua-stele o menhir (lunga pietra), in pietra arenaria, rappresenta una figura antropomorfa stilizzata della quale si possono riconoscere gli occhi ed il naso (disposti a T) e le due braccia quasi conserte all'altezza dello stomaco. Non essendovi altri particolari, non è dato sapere se la statua intendesse rappresentare una figura maschile o femminile.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.051036 10.893427) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -3000 - -2500 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astuvansalmi_rock_paintings # uncertain date range https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiuruveden_reikäkirves_-_Stone_axe_of_Kiuruvesi.jpg :cycladic-female-figurine-plastiras-type a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cycladic Female Figurine (Plastiras Type)" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2800 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.066667 25.2) ; :note "The findspot is not known. Mapped at Paros for time being." ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :cycladic-art ; :thumbnail-image . :late-cucuteni-trypillia-figurines-verteba-cave a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Late Cucuteni-Trypillia Figurines from Verteba Cave" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2600 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Ukraine" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.788889 25.871389) ; :thumbnail-image . :merhgarh-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mehrgarh Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :indus-valley-civilization ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mehrgarh-seated-female-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mehrgarh-style Seated Female Figure" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :indus-valley-civilization ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :thumbnail-image . :chariot-driver-tassili-n-ajjer a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Chariot Driver from Tassili n'Ajjer" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :saharan-rock-art ; :thumbnail-image . :figurine-mundigak a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine from Mundigak" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.9039 65.5246) ; :note "The left-hand figurine in image is from Mundigak." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dogu-female-abstract-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dogū Female Abstract Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.691218 140.312831) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :jomon ; :note "This particular dōgu does not have its own landing page on Wikipedia or the internet generally. It should." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :standing-female-figure-necklace a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Female Figure with Necklace" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -2000 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :note "From Met Museum website: “This sculpture is one of a group of statues associated with the Bronze Age of Southwestern Arabia, present-day Yemen. It comes at the beginning of a figural tradition characterized by simplification of human forms into smooth and solid geometric shapes. The statue represents a standing female figure, with a deep groove emphasizing the belly and a clearly indicated pubic triangle. Her legs at first appear truncated but she is complete: her toes, like her hands and fingers, are indicated by incisions. Her face is represented schematically, with simplified eyes, nose, and chin. She wears a strap across her body and a necklace.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :representative-latlong-point (16 49) ; :note "Findspot not specifically known." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :petroglyph-warriors-iwellene a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Petroglyph Warriors from Iwellene" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Niger" ; :representative-latlong-point (18.169189 8.642401) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :saharan-rock-art ; :note "Approximate location." ; :thumbnail-image . :dhambalin-rock-paintings a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Dhambalin Rock Paintings" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -3000 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The polychrome paintings of the Neolithic or proto-historic Arabian–Ethiopian Style, depict the first sheep paintings in Somali archaeology and also many of antelopes, dogs, giraffes, snakes and a turtle with and also without humans. There are eight to ten people represented, usually as part of hunting scenes, with bow and arrow; they are surrounded by wildlife. One of the hunters is depicted with hair down and with headgear, accompanied by two dogs. Another hunter sits on an animal, possibly a horse...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Somaliland" ; :representative-latlong-point (10.399768 45.900335) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :skara-brae-buddo a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Skara Brae Buddo" ; :described-by , , , ; :earliest-date -2900 ; :latest-date -2400 ; :material-note "Whale Bone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Scotland" ; :representative-latlong-point (59.048714 -3.34175) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tel-asmar-temple-figures a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Tel Asmar Temple Figures" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2900 ; :latest-date -2350 ; :material-note "Gypsum alabaster, shell, black limestone, bitumen" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.484167 44.728333 ) ; :thumbnail-image . # -2800 - -2300 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiroft_culture#/media/File:Chloritgefäße_aus_Iran,_Dschiroft,_2800-2300_v.C._(2).jpg :jiroft-figure-felines a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jiroft Bowl with Figure between Felines" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2800 ; :latest-date -2300 ; :material-note "Chlorite" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (28.449372 57.778422) ; # konar sandal :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cycladic-figurine-spedos-type a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cycladic Figurine (Spedos Type)" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2800 ; :latest-date -2300 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :anthropomorphic-copper-plate-bisauli a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Anthropomorphic Copper Plates fro Bisauli" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2800 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :material-note "Copper" ; :note "Not necessarily ‘human’." ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (28.32 78.93) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :chemurchek-funerary-marker a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Chemurchek Funerary Marker" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2750 ; :latest-date -1900 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :chemurchek-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (47.780636 87.860069) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :harpist-keros a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Harpist from Keros" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2700 ; :latest-date -2300 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :note "From NAM website: “... male harpist sits on an elegant throne holding a large musical instrument resembling a harp or lyre in his right hand. His nose and penis are shown in relief, as on most Cycladic figurines. It was found in a tomb together with the figurine of a flutist; both artefacts were probably made by the same craftsman.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.887699 25.603557) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :plaque-hunting-korfi-t-aroniou a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Petroglyph plaque with Hunting Scene" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2700 ; :latest-date -2300 ; :note "Translateed from German Wikipedia: “The most significant finds are ten marble slabs with figurative depictions. These slabs were incorporated into the modern dry-stone wall like ordinary building stones. The motifs are schematically carved into the approximately 30 × 50 cm slabs. They depict scenes from everyday life, such as hunting, animal husbandry, seafaring, and a dance or battle scene.“" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.977682 25.553899) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :panel-1426-mastaba-hesy-re a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Panel 1426 from Mastaba of Hesy-Re" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2650 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.8685 31.218633) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :valdiva-culture-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Valdivia Culture Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2600 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Ecuador" ; :note "From Brooklyn Museum website: “Small anthropomorphic ceramic figurines are the hallmark of the ancient Valdivia culture of the tropical lowlands of western Ecuador. They usually depict nude women with prominent breasts, short arms, elaborate hairstyles, and incised features. Because of their abundance and the fact that they appear to have been intentionally mutilated and discarded with common household rubbish, scholars have suggested two possible functions: as offerings in fertility rituals or as repositories for spirit helpers summoned by shamans during healing ceremonies.”" ; :representative-latlong-point ( -2.2267 -80.8583 ) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :valdiva-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -2250 - -2000 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elam_cool.jpg :standard-royal-tombs-ur a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "So-called ‘Standard’ from Royal Tombs at Ur" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -2600 ; :latest-date -2400 ; :material-note "Wood, shell, red limestone, lapis lazuli, bitumen" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.9615 46.1061) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-chanhu-daro a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure from Chanhu-Daro" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2600 ; :latest-date -1900 ; :material-note "Copper" ; :note "Described by MFA as “Male spear thrower or dancer.” MFA restricts access to images so thumbnail coming from harrapa.com." ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.173611 68.323055) ; :thumbnail-image ; :alt-thumbnail-image . :two-figures-oryxes-al-ain a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Two figures flanked by Oryxes from Al Ain" ; :described-by , , ; :approximate-date -2500 ; :in-modern-country-note "United Arab Emirates" ; :note "The ‘Grand Tomb’ is reconstructed but I don't think the relief is a modern creation." ; :representative-latlong-point (24.291689 55.793066) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kernosivsky-idol a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kernosivsky Idol" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2500 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Ukraine" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.954315 35.632818) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :european-neolithic-standing-stones ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :jomon-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jōmon Female Figurine (Dogū)" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :jomon ; :representative-latlong-point (35.995528 138.158806) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :family-group-gisr-el-mudir a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Family Group from Gisr el-Mudir (Saqqara)" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2500 ; :latest-date -2350 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.867017 31.206060) ; :thumbnail-image . # -2400 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qijia_Culture_Pottery_Head_(10096558193).jpg :qijia-culture-ceramic-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Qijia Culture Ceramic Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2400 ; :latest-date -1600 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :note "Specific findspot may be known." ; :representative-latlong-point (36.0606 103.8268) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :two-figures-bronze-flag a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Two Figures on Bronze Flag" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2400 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.417222 57.706389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :anubanini-rock-relief a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Anubanini Rock Relief" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2300 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “In the rock relief, Anubanini, the king of the Lullubi, puts his foot on the chest of a captive. There are eight other captives, two of them kneeling behind the Lullubian equivalent of the Akkadian goddess Ishtar (recognisable by the four pairs of horns on her headdress and the weapons over her shoulders) and six of them standing in a lower row at the bottom of the rock relief. He is bare-chested, only wearing a short skirt.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.4633 45.8683) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mohenjo-daro-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mohenjo daro Female Figurine" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2300 ; :latest-date -1750 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "From SmartHistory: “This small bronze statuette (only 4 inches in height), depicts a nude young woman, with a coiled hairstyle and bangles adorning her arms. The figure stands with her feet apart and her weight distributed unevenly (often referred to by art historians as contrapposto). She props one arm at her waist and her other arm hangs by her side. The title of the sculpture, *Dancing Girl*, comes from the archaeologist who unearthed it in 1926 who thought the ancient figure recalled images of dancing nautch girls (female dancers who often performed at royal courts and in salons, especially in colonial India).‘" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.329167 68.138889) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :indus-valley-civilization ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -2200 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abakan_-_Khakassia_-_Russia_Okunev_stela.jpg :mohenjo-daro-standing-female-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mohenjo Daro standing Female Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2300 ; :latest-date -1750 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “A similar bronze statuette to the so-called Dancing Girl was found by Mackay during his final full season of 1930–31 at DK-G area in a house at Mohenjo-daro.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.329167 68.138889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :harrapan-inscribed-sherd a :human-figure ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2300 ; :latest-date -1750 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From MAP Academy website: “A potsherd dating back to the Mature Phase of the Harappan Civilisation, the Dancing Girl was discovered at Bhirrana in present-day Haryana in 2004–05. The visual characteristics of the Dancing Girl from Bhirrana, especially her stance, the tilt of her head and the positioning of her arms bear a close resemblance to the Dancing Girl from Mohenjo-Daro...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.548194 75.549479) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-figure-mohenjo-daro a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure from Mohenjo-daro" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2300 ; :latest-date -1750 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :note "No good landing page." ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.329167 68.138889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dagenham-idol a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dagenham Idol" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2250 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neolithic-britain ; :representative-latlong-point (51.5397 0.1422) ; # ll for Dagenham, England :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :victory-stele-naram-sin a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Victory Stele of Naram-Sin" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2250 ; :latest-date -2200 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :akkadian-empire ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bassetki-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bassetki Statue" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2250 ; :latest-date -2220 ; :material-note "Copper" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :akkadian-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (36.958778 42.7215) ; # Bassetki, Iraq :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pashupati-seal a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Pashupati Seal" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :indus-valley-civilization ; :approximate-date -2200 ; :materia-note "Steatite" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.329167 68.138889) ; # ll for Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :red-jasper-male-torso-harappa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Red Jasper Male Torso from Harappa" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2200 ; :latest-date -1900 ; :material-note "Jasper" ; :note "From Map Academy website: “Carved in red jasper stone, this statuette of a nude male torso with a missing head, arms and legs was excavated in Harappa in Punjab in present-day Pakistan in 1928-29 by Indian archeologist Madho Sarup Vats, who ascribed it to Stratum III of the Indus Valley Civilisation. The statuette is 9.2 centimetres tall, 5.5 centimetres wide and 3 centimetres deep. Most notably, it features naturalistic contours, denoting a deliberate stylistic choice in the shaping of a rounded midriff towards the bottom of the torso that was achieved using a sculptural technique rather than the use of lines or striations.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.628889 72.863889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :steatite-torso-harappa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Steatite Female Torso from Harappa" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2200 ; :latest-date -1900 ; :material-note "Jasper" ; :note "No specific landing page for this object. Wiki commons gives height as 9.9 cm." ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.628889 72.863889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-figure-axe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure on Axe" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2200 ; :latest-date -1800 ; :material-note "Copper alloy, silver incrustations" ; :note "Mapped location very approxmiate. Object in Ligabue collection, which seems to not provide discrete landing page. From the catalog for Idols; The Power of Images (p. 247, no. 92): “... male figure wearing a long narrow mantel that covers his left arm, leaving his right arm free to rest on his thighs, is seated on a small mat. His face, with short cut beard and bushy eyebrows, looks wise and peaceful, lightened by a kind smile. The short hair is massed on the forehead and framed by two thin dreadlocks that spring in high relief from his temples”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran (eastern)?" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.250913 60.769207) ; :thumbnail-image . :bmac-seated-female a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "BMAC Seated Female" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2200 ; :latest-date -1700 ; :material-note "Steatite or chlorite, alabaster" ; :note "From Met Museum website: “... typical abstract form with an armless body and legs represented by a protruding ledge.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkmenistan or Neighboring" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.30111 64.15531) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :bactria-margiana-archaeological-complex ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bmac-standing-male a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "BMAC Standing Male" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2200 ; :latest-date -1700 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkmenistan or Neighboring" ; :note "From Met Museum Website: “This small yet potent figure, with its human face and serpentine-scaled body, probably represents such a creature, enlivened and charged with magical efficacy whether propitious or demonic. The monstrous figure’s most enigmatic and distinctive features are the prominent scar across its face and the two holes pierced into its upper and lower lips. ”." ; :representative-latlong-point (37.3028 64.153) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :bactria-margiana-archaeological-complex ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-statue-of-gudea-of-lagash a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Statue of Gudea of Lagash" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2144 ; :latest-date -2124 ; :material-note "Diorite" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.562028 46.177583) ; # ll for Girsu, Iraq :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bowl-figures-bellapais-vounous a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bowl with Figures from Bellapais Vounous" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2050 ; :latest-date -1800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Northern Cyprus" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.3 33.35) ; :thumbnail-image . :karakol-funerary-marker-face a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Karakol Culture Funerary Marker with Face" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -2000 ; :note "Mapped point and chronology only approximate." ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (52.375930 84.937368) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :oxen-chariot-rider-daimabad a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Oxen-drawn Chariot and Rider from Daimabad" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -2000 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "From MAP Academy website: “A hoard of four bronze sculptures found in 1974 near Daimabad in Maharashtra, India, and dated to the second millennium BCE, the Daimabad bronzes depict a chariot yoked to oxen, an elephant, a rhinoceros, and a water buffalo. Noted for the complexity of their construction and attributed to the Late Harappan Culture, they have helped scholars to extend the Indus civilisation’s southward spread into the Deccan Plateau.“" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (19.510278 74.700833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cypriot-red-polished-ware-plank-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cypriot Red Polished Ware Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -1900 ; :material-note "Ceramic, paint" ; :in-modern-country-note "Cyprus" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.163819 33.666232) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :philia-culture ; :note "Specific findspot not known." ; :thumbnail-image . :mohenjo-daro-priest-king a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mohenjo daro Priest King" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -1900 ; :material-note "Steatite" ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :indus-valley-civilization ; :representative-latlong-point (27.335167 68.143889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-riding-animal a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure Riding Animal" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -1800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.287459 46.094633) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :elamite-culture ; :note "The date of this piece is uncertain and the findspot is unknown. Mapped to ‘southern Iraq’." ; :thumbnail-image . :wandjina-rock-art-mount-elizabeth-station a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Wandjina Rock Art" ; :described-by ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :australian-first-nations ; :material-note "Paint on rock" ; :in-modern-country-note "Australia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-16.4185 126.1028) ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -1800 . :idol-ciudad-rodrigo a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Idol of Ciudad Rodrigo" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.599167 -6.528889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :poverty-point-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Poverty Point Figurines" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.636667 -91.411389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figurine-jefferson-county a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jefferson County Poverty-Point Culture Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -700 ; :note "From U. of Arkansas website: “... 72mm in length with a maximum width of 42mm and average thickness of about 11mm. It has a rectangular cross section. The object is made of a dark grey shale or slate with a reddish-brown patina on its surface from weathering.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.262373 -92.025230) ; :note "Findspot is approximate: near Pine Bluff, Arkansas." ; :thumbnail-image . :buckhorn-draw-pictographs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Buckhorn Draw Pictographs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.123611 -110.693611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cattle-attendant-dar-tichitt a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cattle with attendant from Dar Tichitt" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -2000 ; :latest-date -500 ; :note "Very approximate location." ; :in-modern-country-note "Mauretania" ; :representative-latlong-point (18.455944 -9.417171) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :arctic-first-peoples-maskette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Arctic First Peoples Maskette" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1900 ; :latest-date -1600 ; :material-note "Walrus ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Canada" ; :representative-latlong-point (75.171333 -88.975453) ; # devon island, Nunavut, Canada :thumbnail-image . :famine-frieze-vichama a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Famine Frieze at Vichama" ; :described-by , , ; :approximate-date -1800 ; :note "The image is figure 1 in the JAS article. From the Guardian article: ”One such set of images was discovered at Vichama on the walls of a temple on top of a raised platform in the desert. It is formed of three-dimensional mural reliefs that depict emaciated corpses with sunken bellies and protruding ribs; on a second wall above and set back there are pregnant women, ritual dancers and a pair of large fish. / Above both, on a higher wall, is an almost cartoonish design which shows the face of a toad emerging with human hands being struck in the head by a lightning bolt.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-11.022610 -77.631640) . :female-male-mud-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Female and male figurines formed from mud" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -1800 ; :material-note "Mud" ; :note "From archaeology.wiki: “The mud statuettes depict two women and a man. The male figurine is naked and has traces of white pigment on the face and the body. It is featured sitting cross-legged with yellow hair falling over its shoulders and wearing a beaded necklace. One of the women is also naked, depicted standing, while her face is painted with white stripes and her lips are black. Her hair is red and she is wearing a black and red beaded necklace. These two statuettes are believed to have been political authorities of high status. / The third figurine, assumingly a priestess because of her posture, the ornaments and the featured polydaktyly (she is featured with 28 fingers), is much larger than the other two. The face is painted with red dots, the hair is black with a red fringe. The priestess is also wearing a necklace.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-11.022610 -77.631640 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :clay-heads-vichama a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Clay Heds from Vichima" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -1800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From archaeology.wiki: “ ... two female clay heads were found at the site. The heads were wrapped in tissue and were covered in yellow, blue and orange feathers – possibly from macaws.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-11.022610 -77.631640 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-figure-on-vessel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure on Vessel" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -1800 ; :latest-date -1600 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.033333 34.883333) ; # ll for Yehud :thumbnail-image . :kangjiashimenzi-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kangjiashimenzi Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1900 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.974859 76.5559) ; :note "Needs a better landing page and overall documentation." ; :thumbnail-image . :anthropomorphs-eagle-cave a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Anthropomorphs from Eagle Cave" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1900 ; :latest-date -1200 ; :note "From linked article: “... a series of five small black anthropomorphs. The image is heavily obscured by accretions. Its upper torso is badly spalled, and the remaining imagery is fragile.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.8083 -101.5502) ; :thumbnail-image . # -1750 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haft_Tepe :figurine-lumna-gajiganna-i a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine from Lumna (Gajiganna I)" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1800 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Illustration is from fig. 3 in Antiquity article. From article: “In Phase I figurines, like other cultural remains, are rare due to the high mobility of the pastoral groups. The figurines are small and show very simple and stylised, asexual anthropomorphic representations...” (p. 426)" ; :in-modern-country-note "Nigeria" ; :representative-latlong-point (12.127645 13.162662) . :elamite-funerary-mask-haft-tepe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Elamite Funerary Mask from Haft Tepe" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1750 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.078889 48.326389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :phaistos-disk a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Phaistos Disk" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -1700 ; :latest-date -1650 ; :note "The signs include: ‘pedestrian’, ‘plumed head’, ‘tattooed head’, ‘captive’, ‘child’, and ‘woman’." ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.051389 24.813611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :funerary-mask-grave-circle-b-mycenae a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Funerary Mask from Grave Circle B at Mycenae" ; :earliest-date -1700 ; :latest-date -1600 ; :material-note "Electrum" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.730833 22.755) ; :described-by ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -2000 - -1500 https://www.antiquities.org.il/t/item_en.aspx?CurrentPageKey=49&q=human :akrotiri-woman-gathering-saffron a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Akrotiri Woman Gathering Plant" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1600 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :material-note "Paint on plaster" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.351389 25.403611) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :minoan ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :funerary-mask-grave-circle-a-mycenae a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mycenaean Gold Mask from Grave Circle A at Mycenae"; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1550 ; :latest-date -1500 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.730278 22.756111) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :reliefs-burial-mound-kivik a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Reliefs from Burial Mound at Kivik" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1500 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sweden" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.683333 14.233333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :menhir-ix-filotisa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Menhir IX at Filotisa" ; :described-by , , ; :approximate-date -1500 ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.747222 8.871389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dogu-hands-together a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dogū with palms pressed together" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.512278 141.488389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :idrimi-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of King Idrimi" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -1500 ; :latest-date -1400 ; :material-note "Magnesite" ; :note "Carries extensive Akkadian inscription describing Idrimi‘s reign." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.237778 36.384722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :megaliths-cauria-plateau a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Megaliths of the Cauria Plateau" ; :described-by , , , ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "From page on medium.com (itself a transcribed article): “Almost all the Megalithic monuments on the plateau of Cuaria about 35 miles south of Ajaccio i.e. the dolmens and the two most important alignments, Rinaiu consisting of 45 menhirs, and I Stantare consisting of 20 menhirs, have been very well known for a long time..”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.529400 8.921128) ; :thumbnail-image . :figurines-gajiganna-a-b a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Figurines from Gajiganna (Gajiganna II)" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1500 ; :latest-date -800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Illustration is from fig. 4 in Antiquity article. From article: “Phase II figurines are quite similar to those of the preceding phase, thus belonging to the same tradition. Fragments of anthropomorphic figurines are rare in comparison to zoomorphic types. While the two human figurines of Phase I are faceless, those of Phase II show anatomical details like eyes, nose, mouth and ears (Figure 4: 1-3 ), and even indicate hairstyles or head gear...” (p. 426)" ; :in-modern-country-note "Nigeria" ; :representative-latlong-point (12.256739 13.105106) . :paired-petroglyphs-valcamonica a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Paired Petroglyphs from Valcamonica" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1500 ; :latest-date -500 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (45.957056 10.297333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pylos-combat-agate a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pylos Combat Agate" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1450 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :material-note "Agate" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.028222 21.695944) ; :thumbnail-image . :bull-leaping-fresco-knossos a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bull Leaping Fresco from Knossos" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1450 ; :material-note "Paint on plaster" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.298056 25.163056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :palaikastro-kouros a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Palaikastro Kouros" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1450 ; :material-note "Hippopotamus ivory, gold foil, serpentinite, rock crystal, olive wood" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.2 26.25) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cypriote-female-statuette-met a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cypriote Female Statuette" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1450 ; :latest-date -1200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Cyprus" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.1725 33.365) ; :thumbnail-image . :hollow-dogu a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hollow Dogū" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1400 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.768611 140.728889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hittite-god-mace a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hittite God holding Mace" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1400 ; :latest-date -1200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :material-note "Gold" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.019722 34.615278) ; :note "Findspot unknown." ; :thumbnail-image . :tlatico-so-called-acrobat a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Tlatilco Acrobat" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1300 ; :latest-date -800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :tlatico-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (19.5 -99.25) ; # Tlatilco, Mexico :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :akhenaten-nefertiti a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Statue of Akhenaten and Nefertiti" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -1352 ; :latest-date -1335 ; :gender-note "Female" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.661667 30.905556) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hagia-triada-sarcophagus a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Hagia Triada Sarcophagus" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -1370 ; :lastest-date -1320 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “All four faces of the sarcophagus are fully painted in several colours, using the fresco technique otherwise only found in Minoan paintings on walls, and sometimes floors and ceilings. Each of the long sides has a long section with a narrative figure scene of a religious ritual.”" ; :material-note "Plastered Limestone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.058889 24.7925) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bust-of-nefertiti a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bust of Nefertiti" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pharaonic-egypt ; :approximate-date -1345 ; :material-note "Limestone, stucco, paint" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :described-by ; :representative-latlong-point (27.645278 30.896389) ; # ll for Amarna, Egypt :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mask-of-tutankhamun a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mask of Tutankhamun" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pharaonic-egypt ; :approximate-date -1323 ; :material-note "Gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, obsidian, turquoise, glass paste" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.740389 32.601417) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :da-he-ding-faces a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Faces on Da He Ding" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -1300 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (28.152564 112.11281) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sanxingdui-standing-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sanxingdui Standing Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1300 ; :latest-date -1100 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :shu-kingdom ; :representative-latlong-point (30.993 104.2) ; # ll for Sanxingdui, China :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -1208 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele :jade-figure-fu-hao a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jade Figure from Tomb of Fu Hao" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -1200 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.121031 114.316206) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :wooden-busts-el-manati a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Wooden busts from El Manatí" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -1200 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :note "From Wikiedpia: “Of particular note are 37 wooden busts or sculptures recovered from the bogs in 1989 by INAH archaeologists...These busts were unusually well-preserved, owing to the anaerobic conditions of their interment and a stable water temperature that impeded microbial decay. Samples from two of these busts produced Carbon-14 dating results equivalent to a date of around 1200 BCE.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.622427 -94.641552) ; :thumbnail-image . :sanxingdui-bronze-head-protuding-eyes a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sanxingdui Bronze Head with Protuding Eyes" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1200 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.993 104.2) ; # ll for Sanxingdui, China :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :shu-kingdom ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sanxingdui-gilded-bronze-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sanxingdui Gilded Bronze Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1200 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :shu-kingdom ; :representative-latlong-point (30.993 104.2) ; # ll for Sanxingdui, China :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -1200 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Fu_Hao :jade-statuette-standing-dignitary a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jade Statuette of a Standing Dignitary" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1200 ; :latest-date -1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.099 114.392) ; :note "Findspot not known. Mapped at generic point." ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :shang-dynasty ; :thumbnail-image . :olmec-stone-yuguito a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1200 ; :latest-date -900 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (19.5 -99.25) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec ; :thumbnail-image . :deer-stones-funerary-marker a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Deer Stones Culture Funerary Marker" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1200 ; :latest-date -800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mongolia" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :deer-stone-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (49.654763 99.929315) ; # ll for Uushigiin Övör, Mongolia :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gandhara-grave-culture-face-urn a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gandhara Grave Culture Face Urn" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -1200 ; :latest-date -800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Specific findspot not known." ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.2 72.483333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ralaghan-idol a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Ralaghan Idol" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1100 ; :latest-date -900 ; :in-modern-country-note "Ireland" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.957838 -6.911619) ; # ll for Ralaghan, Ireland :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -1000 ???? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanbaly petroglyphs :clamshell-carved-face a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Clamshell with Carved Face" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1045 ; :latest-date -771 ; :note "The Commons Image page has a full description." ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.496363 107.843119) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sarcophagus-ahiram a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ahiram Sarcophagus" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Lebanon" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.119444 35.645278) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lapita-sherd-face a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lapita Sherd with Face" ; :described-by , , , ; :approximate-date -1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Solomon Islands" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :lapita-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (-11 166.25) ; # for santa cruz islands :thumbnail-image . :tlatico-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tlatilco Figurines" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date -800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :tlatico-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figurine-tel-akhziv a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figure from Tel Akhziv" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date -856 ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.048286 35.102234) ; :thumbnail-image . # https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010132589 :jinsha-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jinsha Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.681183 104.012602) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :jinsha-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :jinsha-kneeling-stone-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Jinsha Kneeling Stone Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.682183 104.013102) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :jinsha-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :jomon-doju-statuette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jōmon Dogū Statuette" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date -400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :jomon ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :chorrera-standing-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Chorrera Standing Figure" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :chorrera ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Ecuador" ; :representative-latlong-point (-1.901104 -79.753096) ; # generic ll :note "Mapped point is generic for Chorrera culture, not the specific findspot of this piece." ; :thumbnail-image . # :chorrera-ceramic-figure-pendant a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Chorrera Ceramic Figure Pendant" ; # :described-by ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :chorrera ; # :in-modern-country-note "Ecuador" ; # :earliest-date -1000 ; # :latest-date -200 . :dong-son-kneeling-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dong Son Kneeling Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -1000 ; :latest-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Vietnam" ; :representative-latlong-point (16 108) ; # ll for Red River Valley, Vietnam :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :dong-son-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :giants-of-mont-e-prama a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Giants of Mont'e Prama, Sardinia" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -900 ; :latest-date -750 ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.965778 8.448278) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :nuragic-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :altar-4-la-venta a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Altar 4 at La Venta" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -900 ; :latest-date -700 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (18.103299 -94.040192) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :neo-babylonian-woman-infant-figurine a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Neo-Babylonian Woman Nursing Infant" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -900 ; :latest-date -540 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.4795 44.431689) ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-figure-in-lap a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Seated figure with figure in lap" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -900 ; :latest-date -500 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "From Italian Wikipedia: “Presso la grotta di Sa Domu 'e s'Orcu sono stati rinvenuti manufatti di eccezionale valore, tra cui il famoso bronzetto nuragico denominato La madre dell'ucciso ...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.112917 9.514595) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :olmec-standing-figure a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Jadeite Standing Figure" ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-ballplayer-figure a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Jadeite Ballplayer" ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -600 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-standing-male-statuette a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-transformation-figure-in-combat-stance a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-fragmentary-figure a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-seated-old-man a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Olmec seated old man" ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-seated-figure a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :olmec-jade-mask a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -300 ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :olmec . # :chorrera-figure-vessel a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :chorrera ; # :earliest-date -900 ; # :latest-date -200 . :funerary-jar-figures-boat a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Funerary Jar with Two Figures in Boat" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -890 ; :latest-date -710 ; :note "Known as the ‘Manunggul Jar’." ; :in-modern-country-note "Philippines" ; :representative-latlong-point (9.279882 117.9814) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :balawat-gates a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Balawat Gates" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -860 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.229444 43.403333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :shalmaneser-iii-military-campaign a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Fragments of Bands from a Gate" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -859 ; :latest-date -824 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :note "From The Walters website: “These two bronze fragments originally belonged to a 21 foot high wooden gate of a temple at Balawat, just northeast of the capital, Nimrud. Together with nearly 265 feet of narrative strips from the same gate now in the British Museum, they illustrate in intricate detail the numerous military campaigns of King Shalmaneser III." ; :material-note "bronze" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.1564207 42.1761315) ; :thumbnail-image . :statue-of-neo-hittite-ruler-suppiluliuma a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of Neo-Hittite Ruler Suppiluliuma" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -850 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :neo-hittite-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (36.2475 36.376389) ; # ll for Turkey :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # approx -850 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stele_of_Ördek-Burnu # approx -824 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III # approx -800 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%27a_Stele # -800 - -700 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melqart_stele :gold-cup-hasanlu a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Gold Cup from Hasanlu" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -800 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.004566 45.45825) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :wooden-mask-guerrero a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Wooden Mask possibly from the Guerrero Region" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -800 ; :material-note "Wood, jade inlay" ; :note "From Smarthistory website: “... wooden mask recovered in 1931 from the Cañón de la Mano in the state of Guerrero, now located in the American Museum of Natural History. The wood of the mask is remarkably preserved. Its smoothly polished surfaces were incised with curvilinear designs and inlaid with pieces of blue-green jade.”"; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (18.410882 -99.524567); :thumbnail-image . :statue-panamuwa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of King Panamuwa I" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -800 ; :latest-date -700 ; :material-note "Basalt" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.103611 36.678611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :grevensvaenge-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Grevensvænge figurines" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -800 ; :latest-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Denmark" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.185 11.81) ; # from wiki page :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :nordic-bronze-age ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :vessel-elderly-person a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Vessel with Fave of Elderly Person" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -800 ; :latest-date -200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :note "Map of findspot not precise. From Museo Larco website (translated): “Sculptural pitcher depicting a wrinkled woman's head with pierced ears. The woman's face is on the front of the vessel, and the wrinkles are represented by incisions. This piece was excavated by Rafael Larco Hoyle from Tomb 19 of the Barbacoa A Cemetery in the Chicama Valley (Los Cupisnique, 1941).”" ; :representative-latlong-point (-7.773488 -78.967438) ; :thumbnail-image . :tagar-structure-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Figures between Structures at Boyarskaya Pisanitsa" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -800 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.2916 91.1884) ; :note "Editorial note: Needs a better landing page and name." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :adena-hopewell-pipe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Adena or Hopewell Pipe" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -800 ; :latest-date -1 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.355928 -83.009061) ; # Adena mound :thumbnail-image . # :orim-dong-megalith-petroglyph a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Middle Mumun Pottery Period (Korea)" ; # :earliest-date -700 ; # :latest-date -550 . # -712 calcite and bronze sculpture from circa 712–525 BCE in the Brooklyn Museum. https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/objects/4035 :roos-carr-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Roos Carr Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -770 ; :latest-date -409 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.7285 0.0382) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :standing-figure-cadiz a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Figure from Cadiz" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -750 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.535 -6.2975) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :man-centaur a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Man and Centaur" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -750 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.638889 21.629722) ; :thumbnail-image . :nordic-figure-tollense-valley a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Nordic Figure from Tollense Valley" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -750 ; :latest-date -450 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 54.024095 13.296299 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :figurine-xanab-chak a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine from Xanab Chak" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -700 ; :latest-date -500 ; :note "Mapped point is approximate, need more precise coordinates for site." ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (20.304733 -89.775607) ; :thumbnail-image . :mantiklos-apollo a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mantiklos Apollo" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -700 ; :latest-date -675 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :geometric-greece ; :representative-latlong-point (38.5 22.5) ; # ll for Thebes, Greece :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :victory-stele-esarhaddon a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Victory stele of Esarhaddon" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -670 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.103611 36.678611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :statue-pharaoh-tantamani a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of Pharaoh Tantamani from near Kerma" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -664 ; :latest-date -656 ; :in-modern-country-note "Sudan" ; :representative-latlong-point (19.600803 30.409731 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-flanked-sphinxes a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Female Figure Flanked by Sphinxes" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -650 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.743056 -2.551389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :eleusis-amphora a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Eleusis Amphora" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -650 ; :latest-date -625 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Eleusis amphora shows some of the earliest artistic depictions of Greek mythology. On the neck of the vase, the figures depict Odysseus and his men blinding the cyclops Polyphemus. The register just below the neck shows a lion chasing a boar. Although it is hard to see because the amphora was found in pieces and then reconstructed, the central register shows Athena and Perseus escaping after Perseus beheads Medusa.”" ; :in-modern-coountry-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.0407 23.5376) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pomeranian-face-urn a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Pomeranian Face Urn" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -650 ; :latest-date -150 ; :note "Specific findspot not known at this time." ; :in-modern-country-note "Poland" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.29 18.15) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :macmillan-aryballos a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Macmillan Aryballos" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -640 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :note "Findspot not known, mapped at Corinth. From BM website: “Pottery aryballos decorated in miniature with eighteen warriors, a hare-hunt and a horse-race. The warriors are locked in combat, thrusting their spears, jostling for position, or falling to the ground. Each warrior is armed with plumed helmet, spear and blazoned shield. Some are streaked with blood. ... ccording to the publication in JHS 11 (1890), the aryballos was acquired by Macmillan at Thebes; the British Museum Register, however, has a handwritten note in the margin stating that the aryballos was bought by Macmillan ‘on the platform at Corinth station’”" ; :material-note "ceramic" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.938611 22.927222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hawtar-athat-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hawtar'athat Statue" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -620 ; :latest-date -500 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.716667 44.733333) ; # ll for Al-Bayda, Yemen :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -600 - -500 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouros_of_Samos # -600 - -400 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar%27a :monument-3-danzante a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Monument 3 (“Danzante”)" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date -600 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.1675 -96.803333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :strettweg-wagon a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Strettweg Wagon" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -600 ; :in-modern-country-note "Austria" ; :representative-latlong-point (47.07614 15.39274) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :hallstatt-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :unfinished-kouros-apollonas a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Unfinished Kouros at Apollonas" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -600 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... 10.7 meter tall unfinished statue of light grey Naxian marble with a weight of around 80 tonnes. It is located in an ancient quarry near Apollonas [de], a small town in the northern part of Naxos”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.179167 25.547633) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :funerary-mask-trebenista a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Funerary Mask from Trebeništa" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -600 ; :latest-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "North Macedonia" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.206389 20.755) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :warrior-hirschlanden a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Warrior from Hirschlanden" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -600 ; :latest-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.833056 9.011111) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lydian-coin-helmet a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lydian Coin with Crested Helmet" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -600 ; :latest-date -500 ; :material-note "Electrum" ; :note "Findspot not known. Mapped to Sardis as a candidate for the mint that produced this coin. From BM website: “Head of warrior in crested Corinthian helmet, left. (obverse) Incuse square. (reverse)”" ; :in-mondern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.488333 28.040278) ; :thumbnail-image . :ballachulish-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Ballachulish Figure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -600 ; :latest-date -400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Scotland" ; :note "The National Museum of Scotland page has an image of the figure before it warped from drying." ; :representative-latlong-point (56.675512 -5.133898) ; # ll for Ballachulish, Scotland :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-figure-addi-galamo a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure from Addi Galamo" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -600 ; :latest-date -400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Ethiopia" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.866667 39.733333) ; :note "Location of Addi Galamo unclear. And it would be useful to have a better landing page for the figure itself." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :holzgerlingen-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Holzgerlingen Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -600 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.639167 9.010833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ushabti-neferibresaneith a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Ushabti for Neferibresaneith" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -570 ; :latest-date -526 ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.871111 31.216389) ; :thumbnail-image . :capestrano-warrior a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Capestrano Warrior" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -550 ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :picene-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (42.269444 13.766667) ; # ll for Capestrano, Italy :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :prince-of-glauberg a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Prince of Glauberg" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -550 ; :latest-date -450 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :la-tene ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (50.311235 9.017070) ; # ll for Glauberg, Germany :note "Mapped location is general for Glauberg, not specific for this figure." ; :thumbnail-image . :yue-kneeling-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Yue Kneeling Figure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -525 ; :latest-date -333 ; :note "Date and mapped point approximate." ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.3 120.619444) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :behistun-relief-darius-i a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Behistun Relief of Darius I" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -522 ; :latest-date -486 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.390556 47.435833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :euphronios-krater a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Euphronios Krater" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -520 ; :in-modern-country-note "Made in Greece, found in Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.984167 23.728056) ; # Athens :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :archaic-greece ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :rock-art-sayram-lake a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Rock Art near Sayram Lake" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -500 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.554887 80.882147) ; :thumbnail-image . :tomb-diver a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tomb of the Diver" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -475 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ ... grave made of five local limestone slabs forming the four lateral walls and the roof, the floor being excavated in the natural bedrock. The five slabs, carefully bonded with plaster, formed a chamber about 215 × 100 × 80 cm (7.1 × 3.3 × 2.6 ft) in size. All five slabs forming the monument were painted on the interior sides using a true fresco technique.[2] The paintings on the four walls depict a symposium scene, while the cover slab shows the famous scene which gives the tomb its name: a young man diving into a curling and waving stream of water. ”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.422222 15.005278) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :horseriders-frieze-bin-tepe a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Horseriders on Frieze from Bin Tepe" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -450 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.58 28.0072) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :phoenecian-apotropaic-mask a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Phoenician Apotropaic Mask" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.8733 8.43972) ; :find-spot-note "Tharros" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :punic-culture ; :thumbnail-image . :achaemenid-lapis-lazuli-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Achaemenid Lapis Lazuli Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.935 52.89) ; # ll for Iran :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :achaemenid-empire ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :silver-statuette-youth-oxus-treasure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Silver and Gold Statuate of Standing Youth from Oxus Treasure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -400 ; :material-note "Silver, gold." ; :in-modern-country-note "Tajikistan" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 37.054553 68.281994 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pfalzfeld-obelisk a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pfalzfeld Obelisk" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (50.113889 7.579444) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :warrior-of-mogente a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Warrior of Mogente" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :iberian-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (38.875556 -0.753056) ; # ll for Mogente, Spain :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :barsom-bearer-plaque-oxus-treasure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Barsom Bearer Plaque from Oxus Treasure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -300 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :note "From British Museum website: “Rectangular gold plaque: with embossed and chased decoration showing a male figure facing right, in so-called “Median dress”, wearing a belted tunic with two vertical stripes with similar bands along the bottom and at the shoulders, hood (from which his hair projects above and below), trousers, long boots and a soft cap with neck-guard. His chin is covered. He wears, from his belt, an 'akinakes' with a lateral projection at the upper end, and a cinquefoil chape. The lower part of the scabbard is secured by a cord running around his leg. He carries a 'barsom' in his right hand.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Tajikistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.054553 68.281994) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lihyanite-colossal-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lihyanite Colossal Statue" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Saudi Arabia" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.646980 37.916142) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :silk-painting-man-riding-dragon a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Silk painting depicting a man riding a dragon" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -200 ; :material-note "Ink on silk" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ ... man with a sword is riding a dragon by holding the rein. The dragon's body was given the shape of a boat. A little egret is standing at the tail of the dragon. A carp under the dragon is leading the way. The umbrella in the top middle of the picture shows the owner's nobility.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (28.228 112.939) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :nok-male-head a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :period-note "Nok (Nigeria)" ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -50 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :nok-culture ; :in-modern-country-note "Nigeria" . :brandskogen-ship-petroglyph a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Brandskogen Ship Petroglyph" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -1 ; :note "Dates are loosely those of the Nordic Iron Age." ; :in-modern-country-note "Sweden" ; :representative-latlong-point (59.596944 17.177222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :esteros-female-figurine a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :note "Esteros or Bahia (Ecuador)" ; :in-modern-country-note "Ecuador" ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date -1 ; :thumbnail-image . # also https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search?q=Indonesia+%28Sulawesi%29&sortBy=Relevance # https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/39205 :standing-figure-sulawesi a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Figure from Sulawesi" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date 300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Indonesia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-2 121) ; :note "Mapped to approximate location." ; :thumbnail-image . :seip-mounds-effigy-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seip Mounds Effigy Head" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Ohio Memory website: “Human head sculpture made of clay by the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. This small clay effigy of a human head (89.8 mm x 75.6 mm) is mottled dark reddish-gray, light reddish-brown, black and dark reddish-brown. The eyes are oval and eye sockets are formed by deeply incised lines. Distinct eyebrow ridges with some incised lines indicate eyebrows above the right eye. Nose has two indentations denoting nostrils. The mouth is slightly open and a ridge denotes the lower lip. There are projections on either side for ears, well-shaped with ear and ear lobes. Behind the left ear, running from the base to the forehead, is a gash that measures 76.6 mm in length. Behind the right ear, there is a gash running from the top of skull to the base that measures 74 mm in length. Base is flat where the neck would begin. There is a 19.7 mm hole in the base, roughly circular in shape, that extends into the head. There is also a hole that is 3 mm in diameter. The back of the head is somewhat flattened. On the top are two holes, roughly 6.3 mm in diameter, that extend into the head. Gash across the forehead measures 41.7 mm in length. This item has been extensively restored”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.238393 -83.221035) ; :thumbnail-image . :nok-head-and-torso-of-a-female-figure a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :period-note "Nok (Nigeria)" ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date 200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Nigeria" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :nok-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (9.5 8) ; # ll for Nigeria :note "Mapped location is general for Nigeria, not specific for this figure." ; :thumbnail-image . :doe-shaman-effigy a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Doe Shaman Effigy" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -500 ; :latest-date 300 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Nicaragua or Costa Rica" ; :representative-latlong-point (10.899020 -85.414379) ; :thumbnail-image . :tomb-darius-i a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tomb of Darius I" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -486 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.988889 52.874722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :anthropoid-sarcophagus-female-cadiz a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Anthropoid Sarcophagus in Female Form from Cadiz" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -470 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.5359 -6.29755) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :articulated-female a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Articulated Female Figure attached to Working Surface" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -450 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From BM website: “Terracotta figure (perhaps a toy) in the form of a woman, perhaps preparing food, articulated at waist and shoulders, resting on a rectangular panel, traces of white slip and black and red colour survive; the one wooden element (a rolling-pin) is a modern replacement.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.336403 27.922378) ; :thumbnail-image . :heidelberg-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Heidelberg Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -450 ; :latest-date -380 ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (49.407778 8.684167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figures-dagger-filippovka-kurgan-4 a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Figures on Dagger from Kurgan 4 at Filippovka" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -450 ; :latest-date -300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (51.342968 54.116974 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-figure-guardamar a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figure from Guardamar" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -400 ; :latest-date -300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.089722 -0.655) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kingsteignton-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kingsteignton Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -450 ; :latest-date -350 ; :in-modern-country-note "Britain " ; :representative-latlong-point (50.5458 -3.5962) ; # ll for Kingsteignton, UK :thumbnail-image . :support-zenghouyi-bells a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Support for Zenghouyi Bells" ; :described-by ; :date -433 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (31.720900 113.355795) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :deposit-figurines-san-isidro a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Deposit of Figurines from San Isidro" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -410 ; :latest-date -380 ; :note "From Antiquity article abstract: “The discovery of a rare tableau of ‘Bolinas’-type clay figurines dating to 410–380 BC at San Isidro, El Salvador, now permits the theoretical reconstruction of a less stratified Preclassic society in south-east Mesoamerica and the exploration of its spheres of interaction, which may have stretched along the coast from Guatemala to Costa Rica.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "El Salvador" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.833882 -88.720227) ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-femaale-figure-baza a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Female Figure from Baza" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -400 ; :latest-date -300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.483333 -2.766667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :esteros-standing-figure a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :period-note "Esteros or Bahia (Ecuador)" ; :earliest-date -400 ; :latest-date -1 ; :thumbnail-image . :condorhuasi-alamito-stone-mask a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Condorhuasi-Alamito Stone Mask" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -400 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Argentina" ; :note "From Met Museum website (first link): “This stone mask features an anthropomorphic face with pronounced brow ridge, angular nose, and drilled perforations with raised carved ridges indicating the eyes and mouth. Additional drill holes line the outer edge of the mask, presumably to affix it with fibers to an armature. The mask was most likely attached to a funerary bundle.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (-27.978864 -66.543650) ; :note "Specific findspot not known." ; :thumbnail-image . :hermes-infant-dionysos a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Hermes with Infant Dionysos" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -375 ; :latest-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.638889 21.629722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :arbinus-seated-nereid-monument a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Arbinus Seated from the Nereid Monument" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -375 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.356111 29.318611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :braak-bog-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Braak Bog Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -375 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.1034 10.5931) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-bust-from-elche a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Bust from Elche" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -400 ; :latest-date -300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.266944 -0.698333) ; # ll for Elche, Spain :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :iberian-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-figure-roquepertuse a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure from Roquepertuse" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -400 ; :latest-date -200 ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.5328 5.2715) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page <4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seated_warrior_8270_from_Roquepertuse_-_front_(Marseille,_Mus_d%27arch_med).jpg> . # -300 -- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Majiayuan_tomb_figurines.jpg :bow-case-melitopol a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bow Case from Melitopol Kurgan" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -350 ; :latest-date -320 ; :material-note "Gold, leather" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... repoussé gold-coated gorytos with scenes from the myth of Achilles ..." ; :in-modern-country-note "Ukraine" ; :representative-latlong-point (46.86701 35.353108) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :scultpures-tel-abrak a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Parthian(?) Sculptures from Tel Abrak" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -200 ; :note "Date taken from wikipedia. Is it too narrow?" ; :in-modern-country-note "United Arab Emirates" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.483333 55.55) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :so-called-archer-king-tabo a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Archer King from Tabo" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Sudan" ; :representative-latlong-point (19.484667 30.426722) ; :note "See museum label in the linked Wikimedia Commons page." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ombra-della-sera a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called “Ombra della Sera”" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -200 ; :material-not "Bronze" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “.. nude male, 57.5 centimetres long, with very elongated body but head in normal proportions.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.4 10.866667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :painted-beardedhead-takht-i-sangin a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Painted Bearded Head from Takht-i Sangin" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -250 ; :latest-date -130 ; :note "Site also known as ‘The Oxus Temple’." ; :in-modern-country-note "Tajikistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.098889 68.285) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lohanipur-torso a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lohanipur Torso" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :maurya-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (25.606366 85.154401) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :calcite-alabaster-head-yemen a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Calcite-Alabaster Head from Yemen" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -1 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.039552 43.865330) ; :note "Mapped point is generic as findspot not known." ; :thumbnail-image . :bone-figurine-articulated-limbs a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bone figurine with Articulated Limbs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -325 ; :latest-date -200 ; :material-note "Bone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.473750 17.233083) ; :thumbnail-image . :carpet-pazyryk-5 a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Carpet from Pazyryk Burial 5" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -250 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (50.746389 88.0725) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :parthian-lute-player a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Parthian Lute Player" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -250 ; :latest-date 224 ; :note "Arbitrarily mapped to Ecbatana" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.806389 48.516111) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ai-khanoum-disk a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ai-Khanoum Disk" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date -145 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Ay-Khanoum plaque is an ancient Greco-Bactrian disk discovered at the archaeological site of Ay-Khanoum in Takhar Province, Afghanistan. This Hellenistic city served as a military and economic center for the rulers of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom until its destruction c. 145 BC. Rediscovered in 1961, the ruins of the city were excavated by the French Archaeological Delegation in Afghanistan (DAFA) until an outbreak of conflict in Afghanistan during the late 1970s. Among the structures excavated by the archaeologists was a sanctuary called the 'Temple of Indented Niches', (French: “temple à niches indentées”; alternatively “temple à redans”, meaning 'Stepped Temple') in which the disk was found. The disk is held in the collection of the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.164722 69.408611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :heads-entremont a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Group of Heads at Entremont" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date -123 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Excavations at Entremont in the 1940s produced a large collection of fragmentary pre-Roman sculpture, most of which is now in the Musée Granet in Aix-en-Provence. The largest group of fragments consists of the heads and torsos of several male figures, usually interpreted as heroized warriors, depicted in a seated position with their legs folded beneath them and one hand resting on the severed head of an enemy. Heads and other pieces of a smaller number of female figures are also preserved, as are fragments of horses. Blocks from the architectural setting in which the figures were displayed are decorated with reliefs of additional severed heads and skull-shaped recesses, as well as horsemen and other figures. The sculptures were all carved from a fine-grained local limestone, and some of the fragments preserve traces of the original paint.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.552222 5.439167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :standing-female-cerro-santos a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Female Figure from Cerros de los Santos" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.733347 -1.269394) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # -150 - -1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron # -200 - 100 https://scva-artsobjects-images.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/675/RLS-1_Alaska-Americas_Figure-Ivory.jpg # https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-vanishing-art-of-the-arctic/ :didarganj-yakshi a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Didarganj Yakshi" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 100 ; :note "From MAP Academy website: “A life-sized Chunar stone statue of a female deity or guardian figure, possibly a yakshi, excavated from Didarganj, near present-day Patna, the Didarganj yakshi statue is widely celebrated for its intricacy, polished surface and overall symmetry, as well as naturalistic and standardised style. The figure is depicted carrying a fly-whisk in her right hand, while her left arm and nose are damaged. The statue rests on a 40-centimetre tall stand, bringing it to a total height of 203 centimetres — all of which was carved from a single block of stone.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.571667 85.2625) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-with-libyco-berber-script a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure with Libyco-Berber Script" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Niger" ; :representative-latlong-point (18.368989 9.727394) ; :note "It is not certain that the figure and insription were carved at the same time. The approximate dates given here are based on an association, however." ; :thumbnail-image . :pregnant-female-colima a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Pregnant Female Figurine from Colima" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (19.239864 -103.712762) ; :thumbnail-image . :lakshmi-stupa-2-sanchi a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Lakshmi from Stupa 2 at Sanchi" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -150 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (23.48 77.73) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :relief-figure-bharhut-stupa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Relief Figure on Bahrhut Stupa Railing" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -150 ; :latest-date -50 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (24.446891 80.846041) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :helmeted-head-nisa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Helmeted Head from Nisa" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -125 ; :latest-date -1 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The sculpture represents a bearded man of mature age, with regular facial features. The thin nose continues the line of the straight forehead. The relief-modeled eyes have carefully worked out eyelids, convex eyeballs, the borders of the iris and pupil. The eyebrows are thin and arched. The moustache frames the mouth and merges with a short, rounded, slightly wavy beard. The hair is depicted as large, smoothly curved strands.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkmenistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.966667 58.195) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :funeray-masks-oglakhty a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Funerary Masks from Oglakhty" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date -1 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.99377 91.489391) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pillar-jagannath-tekri-stupa a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pillar from Jagannath Tekri Stupa" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date -1 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (20.7835 79.6357) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :shunga-vase-reliefs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Shuna Period Vase with Reliefs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date -1 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :note "Specific findspot not known. Object has been returned by Metropolitan Museum to India." ; :representative-latlong-point (25.6125 85.128333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :winged-figure-tillya-tepe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Winged Figure from Tillya Tepe" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 50 ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.694444 65.789444) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kulu-vase a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kulu Vase" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date -1 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.509444 77.019444) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :laocoon-and-sons a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Laocoön and His Sons" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 75 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The figures are nearly life-sized, with the entire group measuring just over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height. The sculpture depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus being attacked by sea serpents.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :late-hellenistic ; :representative-latlong-point (41.895393 12.495459) ; # between the Colosseum and Santa Maria Maggiore :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pair-of-erotes-lions a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pair of Erotes on Lions" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :representative-latlong-point (15.001667 45.815833) ; :thumbnail-image . # -100 - -1 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38518 (Indian Goddess dispensing Riches) :hendy-heath a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "The Hendy Head" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 50 ; :materia-note "Cheshire sandstone" ; :note "From the People's Collection Wales website: “This enigmatic stone head, carved from quartz rich red sandstone, was discovered while ploughing a field at Hendy farm near Llanfairpwllgwyngyll on Anglesey during the 1950s. It is widely believed to date from the late Iron Age and that it depicts a Celtic deity or god. Its top is slightly flattened and the mouth has a drilled opening to one side; both features suggest that offerings were made to the head as part of a ritual or ceremony.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Wales" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.127731 -4.280277) ; :thumbnail-image . :gudimallam-lingam a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :period-note "Satavahanas ? (India)" ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.603425 79.576767) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :ceramic-whistle-in-the-form-of-a-standing-figure a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Chorrera or Bahia (Ecuador)" ; # :earliest-date -200 ; # :latest-date 300 . :hopewell-head-in-profile a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hopewell Head in Profile" ; :described-by ; :material-note "Mica" ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.142561 -84.316145) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :qin-terracotta-army a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Qin Terracotta Army" ; :date -209 ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :qin-empire ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.385 109.273056) ; # ll for Xi'an, China :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :han-female-dancer a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Han Female Dancer" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.6197 112.4539) ; # Luoyang :note "No specific findspot known. From Met website: “This figure vividly captures the moment when, with one long sleeve thrown back and the other trailing down, a dancer gently stoops and flexes her knees as she lifts one heel to advance her step, performing a dance described in Han dynasty poetry...”" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :han-dynasty ; :thumbnail-image . :parkham-yaksha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Parkham Yaksha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date -100 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.287358 77.717414) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tandragee-idol a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-Called Tandragee Idol" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 100 ; :note "The figure has been dated both earlier and later than the range given here." ; :in-modern-country-note "Northen Ireland" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.3478 -6.6562) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :reclining-female-figure-alabaster a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Reclining Female Figure in Alabaster" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 200 ; :material-note "Alabaster" ; :note "From Met Museum website: “ alabaster figurine is of a nude woman reclining on her left side. Her left arm, which would have supported her body, is missing. The right arm is extended along her side, with the tips of her fingers resting lightly on her thigh. Faint bands at the woman's neck indicate creases; the subtle folds of flesh along the right side of the torso emphasize the full curves of her figure.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.093611 44.580556) ; :thumbnail-image . # :tolita-tumaco-seated-elder a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Tolita-Tumaco (Ecuador or Colombia)" ; # :earliest-date -200 ; # :latest-date 400 . :nazca-standing-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Nazca Standing Figure" ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :described-by ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-14.6975 -75.135) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hopewell-mica-torso a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hopewell Mica Torso" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.361073 -83.085689) ; :thumbnail-image . :hopewell-mounds-copper-face a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hopewell Mounds Copper Face" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-dat 500 ; :material-note "Copper" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.361104 -83.085157) ; :thumbnail-image . :hopewell-shaman-bear a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hopewell Shaman Bear" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.042167 -82.430111) ; :thumbnail-image . :pegtymel-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pegtymel’ Petroglyphs" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (69.9031 173.8675) ; :note "While the chronology is wide ranging, these petroglyphs do overlap with the GAERHF's chronological scope." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :great-altar-pergamon a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Great Altar at Pergamon" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -170 ; :latest-date -150 ; :note "From Wikipedia article: “35.74 metres (117 ft 3 in) wide and 33.4 metres (109 ft 7 in) deep; the front stairway alone was almost 20 metres (66 ft) wide. The base was decorated with a frieze in high relief showing the battle between the Giants and the Olympian gods known as the Gigantomachy. There was a second, smaller and less well-preserved high relief frieze on the inner court walls which surrounded the actual fire altar on the upper level of the structure at the top of the stairs. In a set of consecutive scenes, it depicts events from the life of Telephus, legendary founder of the city of Pergamon and son of the hero Heracles and Auge, one of Tegean king Aleus's daughters.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.131051 27.183931) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :msecke-zehrovice-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mšecké Žehrovice Head" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -150 ; :latest-date -50 ; :in-modern-country-note "Czech Republic" ; :representative-latlong-point (50.1698 13.9213) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :la-tene ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :carved-stone-figure-illinois a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Carved Stone Figure from Illinois" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -150 ; :latest-date 150 ; :note "Specific findspot not known. Gathering more info." ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.585614 -88.432402) ; :thumbnail-image . :qatabanian-calcite-relief a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Qatabanian Calcite Relief" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date -1 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :representative-latlong-point (15.001667 45.815833) ; :note "Reported to be from Timna." ; :thumbnail-image . :embroidered-carpets-noin-ula-burials a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Embroidered Carpets from Noin-Ula Burials" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mongolia" ; :representative-latlong-point (48.386222 106.754972) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :alabaster-female-figurine-with-ruby-eyes a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Alabaster Female Figurine with Ruby Eyes" ; :Described-by , ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.4775 44.431389) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :parthian ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :miniature-head-pattanam a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Miniature Head from Pattanam" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (10.15654 76.208982) ; :note "Paywalled article. Need better source." ; :thumbnail-image . :paried-male-female-figures-nayarit a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Paired Male and Female Figures from Nayarit Region" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (21.039722 -104.344722) ; :note "Mapped to Ixtlán del Rio archaeological site." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :knight-mound-hopewell-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Knight Mound Hopewell Painted Figurine" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :note "Mapped point approximate" ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.280115 -90.729286) ; :thumbnail-image . :sierra-guadalupe-rock-paintings a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Sierra de Guadalupe Rock Art" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -100 ; :latest-date 1300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.626963 -113.020427) ; :thumbnail-image . :colossal-statues-nemrut-dag a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Colossal Statues from Nemrut Dag" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -62 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.980556 38.740833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dying-gaul a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of Dying Gaul" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date -60 ; :latest-date -40 ; :material-note "White marble" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “marble semi-recumbent statue now in the Capitoline Museums in Rome. It is a copy of a now lost Greek sculpture from the Hellenistic period (323–31 BC) thought to have been made in bronze.[3] The original may have been commissioned at some time between 230 and 220 BC by Attalus I of Pergamon to celebrate his victory over the Galatians, the Celtic or Gaulish people of parts of Anatolia." ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 41.90808 12.49692 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :terracotta-male-figure-from-kalchayan a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Terracotta Male figure from Kalchayan" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :kushan ; :earliest-date -50 ; :latest-date 50; :in-modern-country-note "Uzbekistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.293611 67.978889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :miniature-seated-figure-smiling-dan a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Miniature Seated Figure from Smiling Dan Site" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -50 ; :latest-date 400 ; :note "Mapped point approximate." ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.653381 -90.487668) ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-female-twenhafel-site a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Female FIgure from Twenhafel Site" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -50 ; :latest-date 400 ; :note "Mapped point approximate" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.710950 -89.488517) ; :thumbnail-image . :crane-creek-site-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Crane Creek Site Figurines" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -50 ; :latest-date 400 ; :note "Mapped point approximate" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.042931 -90.528939) ; :thumbnail-image . :augustus-portrait-meroe a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Portrait of Augustus from Meroë" ; :described-by , ; :date -27 ; :in-modern-country-note "Sudan" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.933333 33.726389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :small-skeleton-bronze a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Small Skeleton in Bronze" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -25 ; :latestdate 100 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy, by default." ; :note "Findspot not known. Mapped to Rome as unfortunate default." ; :representative-latlong-point (41.8967 12.4822) ; :thumbnail-image . :white-lady-rock-painting a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "So-called “While Lady” Rock Painting" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 1 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The “White Lady Group” is found in a cave known as “Maack Shelter” and portrays several human figures as well as oryxes, on a rock panel measuring about 5.5 m x 1.5 m. The “White Lady” is the most detailed human figure in the group, and measures about 39.5 cm x 29 cm. / It is usually assumed that the painting shows some sort of ritual dance, and that the “White Lady” is a shaman. She has white legs and arms, which may suggest that her body was painted or that she was wearing some sort of decorative attachments on her legs and arms. She holds a bow in one hand and perhaps a goblet in the other.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Namibia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-21.110556 14.662778) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :copper-alloy-figurine-holding-torque a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Copper Alloy Figurine holding Torque" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 40 ; :material-note "Copper alloy" ; :in-modern-country-note "United Kingdom" ; :representative-latlong-point (52.142689 -0.050156) ; :thumbnail-image . :indian-ivory-statuette-pompeii a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Indian Ivory Statue from Pompeii" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 50 ; :material-note "Ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.75036 14.4904 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :funerary-mask-thaj a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Funerary Mask from Thaj" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :in-modern-country-note "Saudi Arabia" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.871235 48.720597) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bimaran-casket a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bimaran Casket" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :note "From British Museum: “The casket tapers slightly towards the rim and lacks a lid. The arcading round the side consists of eight pointed caitya-arches resting on pilasters. Each arch has a plain recessed face and the pilaster capitals consist of a plain fillet above a torus and a fillet. The pilaster shafts have each a recessed oblong panel with an outlined border curved at the top and the base mouldings repeat those of the capitals in a contrary sequence. The compartments form two groups (A and B) of three at opposite sides to each other, each group having an almost identical central Buddha flanked by closely similar, worshipping deities in profile, and the three are separated at both ends by a single similar compartment containing the same frontal worshipping figure.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.458544 70.349792) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :orlat-plaques a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Orlat Plaques" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Bone" ; :note "From the Wikipedia page: “The Orlat plaques are a series of bone plaques that were discovered in the mid-1980s in Uzbekistan. They were found during excavations led by Galina Pugachenkova at the cemetery of Orlat, by the bank of the Saganak River (a tributary of the Zeravshan), immediately north of Samarkand. Pugachenkova published her finds in 1989. The left half is decorated with an elaborated battle scene, while on the other side is depicted a hunting scene." ; :in-modern-country-note "Uzbekistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.654722 66.975833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ivory-female-statuette-begram a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Ivory Female Statuette from Begram" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.966667 69.3) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :isis-temple-200-naga a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Isis statue from Temple 200 at Naqa" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Faience" ; :note "Translated from German text on the Naqa Projekt website: “Numerous iconographic parallels place this Isis statue within the context of Ptolemaic-Roman sculpture, in which Egyptian formal principles are clothed in Hellenistic garb. While it might initially appear that this statue could be an import from Roman Egypt, the stylistic rendering of the figure leaves no doubt that it is the work of Meroitic artists. A comparison with late Ptolemaic and Roman female figures reveals that the statue's thick arms, short legs, and powerfully developed thighs and hips represent the ideal of female beauty that also characterizes the female figures on the temple reliefs and stelae of Naga. Thus, aspects of Egyptian, Hellenistic-Roman, and Meroitic art combine in this statue to form an artistically autonomous work.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sudan" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.269444 33.275) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-emaciated-man a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Emaciated Man (ΠΕΡΔΙΚ)" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :materia-note "Bronze" ; :note "From Dumbarton Oaks website: “On the drapery around his lower body, two names are inscribed in punched letters: Eudamidas appears from knee to knee and may be the name of the person who commissioned the statuette. The name along the hem of the drapery, Perdik, has two literary associations, each of which casts the statuette in a slightly different light. It may refer to Perdix, a certain Athenian peddler, who had a club foot, and whose name had become synonymous with ailments of the foot. This explanation would correspond with the original function of such a small-scale bronze statuette--in ancient Greece, they were commissioned often as dedications to gods, offered at shrines either in gratitude for blessings received or as supplication by worshipers for divine favors, such as an athletic victory or healing. Eudamidas may have commissioned this piece as an offering to Asklepios, the Greek god of healing, for assistance with a foot problem. / On the other hand, Perdik may be an abbreviated form of Perdikkas, a young man who had neglected to sacrifice to Aphrodite while studying in Athens. As retribution, the vengeful goddess cursed him with a love for his own mother which caused him to waste away—a story that explains the combination of adolescence with the emaciated body.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (49.378702 3.335629) ; :thumbnail-image . :statuette-poseidon-brahmapuri a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statuette of Poseidon from Brahmapuri Hoard" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "The Met website doesn't provide an individual page, click on image instead for catalog entry: “The bronze Poseidon is one of many miniature copies after the lost original by the Greek sculptor Lysippos, images of which were issued on coins as early as 290 BCE”" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.704802 74.216880 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :emblama-perseus-andromeda-brahmapuri a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Emblama depicting Persues and Andromeda from Brahmapuri Hoard" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "The Met website doesn't provide an individual page. The catalog entry for this piece does not describe it specifically." ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.704802 74.216880 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :female-statue-sanaa-museum a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bronze Female Staute, now in Sana'a Museum" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "An important piece that needs a better landing page on Internet. Findspot unclear. The date is unclear. It is sometimes dated to the 5th century BCE. From linked article: “bronze statue of a woman at the Ṣanʿāʾ Museum (1st century ad, figure 20). The woman wears a round pendant with rays suggesting the image of the sun.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :representative-latlong-point (15.380582 44.209382) ; :thumbnail-image . :corleck-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Corleck Head" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Ireland" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.9726 -6.9975) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-khor-rori a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figure from Khor Rori" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 400 ; :note "From ISAW Website: “The bronze is a fragmented female figure, but enough remains to identify her with a well-known iconographic type in Indian art—the salabhanjika (alt. salabhanjika), a divine or semi-divine female holding a tree branch. It was found at the port city of Khor Rori in Oman during an excavation sponsored by the American Foundation for the Study of Man. The Khor Rori bronze is part of a wider discourse on iconographic elements from South Asia visible in South Arabian art. It is important to acknowledge that South Arabian art has maintained a very strong autochthonous and original character over time, and that the external contributions are but evidence of its multicultural nature through the years. / The dating of the figure ranges from the 2nd to the 4th Centuries CE, based on its stylistic elements and comparisons with salabhanjika figures from the Indian subcontinent.”" ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Oman" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.039339 54.430478) ; :thumbnail-image . :panel-buddha-nude-jamal-garhi a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Panel with Buddha and Nude Figure from Jamal Garhi" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.316667 72.066667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kahaum-pillar a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kahaum Pillar" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 460 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (26.394639 83.838056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figurine-temple-foret-halatte-belly a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figurine from Temple of forêt d’Halatte with Prominent Belly" ; :described-by , , ; :note "This is one of a group. See links. This figure has been interpreted as representing a pregnant woman." ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (49.242222 2.625833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :san-agustin-megaliths a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "San Agustin Megaliths" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 900 ; :in-modern-country-note "Colombia" ; :representative-latlong-point (1.916667 -76.233333) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :andean ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :petroglyph-faces-manaus a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Petroglyphs Faces from Manaus" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :note "Chronology uncertain. From Ancient Art Archive website: “Human faces and other figures etched in stone up to 2,000 years ago have been revealed on Amazon riverbanks as a historic drought in the Brazilian region has brought water levels to unprecedented lows.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Brazil" ; :representative-latlong-point (-3.161182 -59.986566) ; :thumbnail-image . :prima-porta-augustus a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Prima Porta Augustus" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :roman-empire ; :approximate-date 20; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.002081 12.493619) ; # Villa of Livia, Prima Porta, Italy :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :emesa-helmet a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Emesa Helmet" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 25 ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.73 36.697778) ; :thumbnail-image . :couple-from-pompeii a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Couple from Pompeii" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 50 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: ”The Portrait of Terentius Neo and his wife is a Roman fresco, created circa 50 CE, depicting a couple holding objects important to literacy. It was found in Pompeii in the House of Terentius Neo in Regio 7, Insula 2, 6, and is now in the National Archaeological Museum, Naples.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :roman-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (40.75 14.486111) ; # update with house ll :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :king-natakamani-queen-amanitore-naqa a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "King Natakamani and Queen Amanitore Smiting Enemies" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 50 ; :in-modern-country-note "Sudan" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.269444 33.275) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sulis-minerva-bath a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sulis Minerva from Bath" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 75 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Bronze, Gold gilt" ; :note "From the Roman Baths Bath website: “The head is slightly larger than life size, suggesting that the original statue was an imposing sight. Hidden in the hair line are several small holes which once held rivets that fixed her tall Corinthian helmet to her head. / Examination of the head has revealed that it has six layers of gilding. The first two use a technique known as fire gilding whilst the four later layers are applied as gold leaf. The head has a number of imperfections. There is corrosion which has affected it in parts where it lay in the ground for over a thousand years. There is also a strange rectangular cut beneath the chin. It is thought that this may result from a flaw in the original casting process in which a bubble on the surface may have been cut out and filled with an inserted plate. When gilded over it would not have been visible. This plate has subsequently fallen out as a result of corrosion whilst in the ground.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (51.3809 -2.3595) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :atlas-figures-garni-temple a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Atlas Figures on the Garni Temple" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 75 ; :latest-date 125 ; :note "The Atlas figures are on the front face of the projecting portions of the podium that flank the stairway." ; :in-modern-country-note "Armenia" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.112421 44.730277) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :roman-bust-polychromy a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Roman-period Bust with Well Preserved Polychromy" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :material-note "Marble, beeswax." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :note "Approximate findspot." ; :representative-latlong-point (40.728078 31.601947) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :elephant-riders-brahmapuri a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Elephant with Riders from Bramhapuri Hoard" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "The Met website doesn't provide an individual page, click on image instead for catalog entry: “group of locally produced miniature bronzes, including the toy cart and elephant with riders, points to an indigenous market for luxury novelties in metal.‘" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.704802 74.216880 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :ring-figures-human-head a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Ring with protomes including Human Head" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "The Met website doesn't provide an individual page, click on image instead for catalog entry. The entry for this piece make no observatoins specific to it." ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.704802 74.216880 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :textile-doll-roman-egypt a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Textile Doll from Roman Egypt" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :material-note "Fabric" ; :note "Specific findsport note known, mapped to arbitrary point. Translated from Staatliche Museen zu Berlin website: “The doll's torso is made of flexible stuffing covered with linen, while its head is framed by an elaborate turban-like hairstyle made of real hair. ... The jewelry is exceptional. The earrings are made of real gold leaf, and the rings around the neck, ankles, and wrists are made of leather with a gold leaf overlay.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.807431 30.873016) ; :thumbnail-image . :fugoppe-cave-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Fugoppe Cave Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 400 ; :note "Image is a reproduction in onsite museum." ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.1946 140.8387) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :buddha-berenike a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Buddha Statue from Berenike" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Berenike Buddha is a statue of the Buddha, parts of which were discovered in January 2018 and January 2022 in an archaeological excavation in the ancient harbour of Berenike, Egypt, by an American-Polish archaeological mission. The statue was discovered in the forecourt of an early Roman period temple dedicated to the Goddess Isis. ... It was made from a stone that was extracted south of Istanbul, and may also have been carved in Berenike itself. The statue has a halo around the head of the Buddha, decorated with the rays of the sun, and has a lotus flower by his side. It is 71cm tall.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (23.908611 35.4725) ; :thumbnail-image . :gift-of-anathapindada-relief a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gift of Anathapindada Relief" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gandhara ; :thumbnail-image . :paired-male-female-figures-takht-i-bahi a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Paired Male and Female Figures from Takht-i-Bahi" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.286111 71.946667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kushan-ruler-surkh-kotal a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kushan Ruler from Surkh Kotal" ; :described-by ; :note "Frequently identified as Kanishka" ; :approximate-date 125 ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.036083 68.58905) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :coin-kanushka-boddo a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Coin of Kanushka with Buddha on Reverse" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 127 ; :latest-date 150 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :note "Found at the Ahin Posh Monastery. From Wikipedia: “Gold coin of Kanishka I with a representation of the Buddha (c. 120 AD).Obv: Kanishka standing.., clad in heavy Kushan coat and long boots, flames emanating from shoulders, holding standard in his left hand, and making a sacrifice over an altar. Kushan-language legend in Greek script (with the addition of the Kushan Ϸ “sh” letter): ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΚΑΝΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ (“Shaonanoshao Kanishki Koshano”): “King of Kings, Kanishka the Kushan”. Rev: Standing Buddha in Hellenistic style, forming the gesture of “no fear” (abhaya mudra) with his right hand, and holding a pleat of his robe in his left hand. Legend in Greek script: ΒΟΔΔΟ “Boddo”, for the Buddha. Kanishka monogram (tamgha) to the right.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.412045 70.45213) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :seated-buddha-mathura-132 a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Seated Buddha from Mathura of 132 CE" ; :described-by ; :date 132 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.4925 77.673611) ; :thumbnail-image . :bronze-statue-dhamar-ali-yahbur a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bronze Statue of Dhamarʿalī Yuhabirr" ; :desribed-by ; :approximate-date 150 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :ancient-arabia ; :in-modern-country-note "Yemen" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.55 44.401667) ; :note "Mapped point not the findspot but within region." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # https://in.pinterest.com/pin/918523286471789707/ :statue-of-hatran-noble a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of Hatran Noble" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 140 ; :latest-date 180 ; :note "From Smarthistory website: “... right arm is raised in salutation while the left hand holds a palm branch. He wears an elegant and exquisitely carved dress. The feet are lost. The statue was found in the Great Temple. From Hatra, Ninawa Governorate, Iraq. Parthian period, Late 2nd century CE. On display at the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, Republic of Iraq.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.588056 42.718333) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :hatra ; :thumbnail-image . :gold-bust-marcus-aurelius a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gold Bust of Marcus Aurelius" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 176 ; :latest-date 180 ; :in-modern-country-note "Switzerland" ; :representative-latlong-point (46.88 7.049) ; :note "The bust is sometimes identified as Antoninus Pius." ; :thumbnail-image . :gold-bust-septimius-severus a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gold Bust of Septimius Severus" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 194 ; :latest-date 197 ; :in-modern-country-note "Greece" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... 23-karat gold bust[2] was probably made between 194 and 196/197 AD from a sheet of gold consisting of over 96% gold, 2-3% silver and 1% copper; the gold was probably obtained from melted gold coins with some silver ones added. The total height of the bust is 28.4 cm and its width is 25.5 cm. It is 1-1.5 mm thick, and weighs around 980 g (or three Roman pounds).”" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.35 26.5) ; :note "Approximate location of findspot." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :white-elephant-cave-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "White Elephant Cave Human Figure" ; :described-by ; :note "Figure 6 in the linked publication shows a portion of a ‘human figure’ dated to approximately 200 CE. Mapped point is very approximate." ; :approximate-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "South Africa" ; :representative-latlong-point (-29.380719 29.527825) . :colossal-shapur-i a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Colossal Statue of Shapur I" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 240 ; :latest-date 272 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.777778 51.570833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :triumph-shapur-i a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Triumph of Shapur I" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 249 ; :latest-date 272 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.988889 52.874722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :gandhara-standing-buddha a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Gandhara Region (Pakistan)" ; # :earliest-date 300 ; # :latest-date 400 . :female-figurine-tin-hanan a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figurine from Tin Hinan Tomb" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 350 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "The Peabody Museum link is to the record of a photograph of the figurine." ; :in-modern-country-note "Algeria" ; :representative-latlong-point (22.885533 4.86808) ; :thumbnail-image . :toluvila-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Toluvila Buddha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 500 ; :material-note "Granite" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The Toluvila statue is 1.75 m in height. It shows the Buddha seated with his legs crossed and hands together in meditation...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sri Lanka" ; :representative-latlong-point (8.335 80.410833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :samadhi-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Samadhi Buddha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 500 ; :material-note "Dolomite marble" ; :note "From Wik[pedia: “The Buddha is depicted in the position of the Dhyana Mudra, the posture of meditation associated with his first Enlightenment. This statue is 7 feet 3 inches in height and carved from dolomite marble.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sri Lanka" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 8.36987 80.39817 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :male-figurine-adulis a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Male figurine from Adulis" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 600 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Eritrea" ; :representative-latlong-point (15.263611 39.660556) ; :thumbnail-image . :standing-warrior-costa-veraguis a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Warrior of the Veraquis Culture" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Costa Rica" ; :representative-latlong-point (9.426004 -84.067860) ; :note "No specific findspot."; :thumbnail-image . :man-carrying-man-barriles a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Man carrying another man from Barriles" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 900 ; :in-modern-country-note "Panama" ; :representative-latlong-point (8.8 -82.7) ; :note "The image is of a replica on site. And I am not sure of the chronology of this and the associated statues." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :tombstone-of-ertola a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Tombstone of Ertola" ; # :described-by # , # ; # :earliest-date 350 ; # :latest-date 450 . :tenon-heads-tiwanaku a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tenon Heads from Semi-subterranean Temple at Tiwanaki" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :note "Date range may be too broad. THe heads were an ongoing additoin to the retaining walls." ; :in-modern-country-note "Bolivia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-16.554682 -68.672476 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :coronation-ardashir-ii-relief a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Coronation of Ardashir II Relief" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 380 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The relief shows three standing figures wearing regalia; Ardashir being in the middle, flanked by two male figures. The figure to the right, who is giving the diadem to Ardashir originally used to be recognized as the Zoroastrian supreme god Ahura Mazda, but is now agreed to be Shapur II due to the style of his crown, which also fits well due to Shapur being the one designating Ardashir as shah to begin with. The two shahs are standing on the body of a fallen enemy, unmistakably a Roman, whose crown indicates that he is an emperor. The fallen figure is most likely supposed to represent the Roman emperor Julian, who invaded Iran in 363 and was killed west of the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon. The figure standing to the far left, perceived by some to be the Zoroastrian prophet Zoroaster, is most likely the angelic divinity Mithra. He is holding a raised barsom, thus sanctifying the investiture.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.3874 47.1323) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-inscribed-cerro-patlachique a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure inscribed on Stone from Cerro Patlachique" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 350 ; :latest-date 650 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (19.606910 -98.861352) ; :thumbnail-image . :smiss-stone-figure-snakes a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Carved Stone with Figure Holding Snakes from Smiss" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 400 ; :latest-date 600 ; :in-modern-country-note "Sweden" ; :representative-latlong-point (57.25 18.583333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :censer-burial-yax-nuun a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Censer from the Burial of Yax Nuun" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Guatemala" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.221944 -89.623611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :avukana-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Avukana Buddha" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 400 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Granite" ; :note "From MAP Academy website: “Standing on a double-lotus pedestal a little under a metre tall, the Avukana Buddha rises to a height of a little over 13 metres. The statue is carved in high relief, with a good portion of it detached from the rock face; the head is carved fully in the round. The Buddha is depicted in the samabhanga pose — standing upright, perfectly balanced on both feet. The eyes, brows, nose and lips, as well as the short curly hair, are sharply defined; the eyes are half-closed eyes as if in deep meditation. He is shown with elongated earlobes to indicate the heavy earrings he would have worn as the prince Siddhartha Gautama.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (8.010719 80.513802) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gold-pendant-panama a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gold Pendant (Panama)" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 400 ; :lastest-date 1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Panama" ; :representative-latlong-point (8.325777 -80.197059) ; :note "No specific findspot known" ; :thumbnail-image . :mankuwar-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mankuwar Buddha" ; :described-by ; :date 448 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :note """A translation of the inscription is availabel on the Wikemedia Commons page: “Om! Reverence to the Buddhas! This image of the Divine One, who thoroughly attained perfect knowledge, (and) who was never refuted in respect of his tenets, has been installed by the Bhikshu Buddhamitra, (in) the year 100 (and) 20 (and) 9; in the reign of the Maharaja, the glorious Kumaragupta; (in) the month Jyeshtha; (on) the day 10 (and) 8, — with the object of averting all Unhappiness.”""" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.435833 81.846389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # 550 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_Eutropius # :maitreya-in-meditation a :human-figure ; # :described-by , ; # :period-note "Three Kingdoms Period (Korea)" ; # :earliest-date 550 ; # :latest-date 650 . :screen-tomb-sima-jinlong a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Screen from Tomb of Sima Jinlong" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 450 ; :latest-date 484 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.097 113.367) ; :note "On the list of objects that cannot be removed from China for display." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :horse-rider-shaped-vessels a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Silla Kingdom (Korea)" ; # :earliest-date 500 ; # :latest-date 500 . :lydenburg-heads a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Lydenburg Heads" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 500 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The heads share a basic pot like formation with subtle differences in the way they were each shaped. The base formed at the bottom of all the heads was completed like the rim of a pot. Parts of the rim are rounded, however some parts of the base reflects a flat squared shape. While the Basal rings may be incised or moulded the neck rings above these basal rings contain diagonally incised rings that circle the entire neck. The incised pattern constitutes hatch marks that alternate in direction producing a herringbone pattern. ”" ; :in-modern-country-note "South Africa" ; :representative-latlong-point (-25.087210 30.444041) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :buddha-helgo-island a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Buddha Statuette from Helgö Island" ; :described-by , , , ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 600 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The island is perhaps best known for a major archaeological area. The old trading town on Helgö began to emerge around the year 200 AD, 500 years before Birka at Björkö. The first archaeological dig in 1954 uncovered the remains of the early settlement, including a workshop area which attracted international interest. The most notable finds included a small Buddha statuette from North India and a christening scoop from Egypt, both dating from the 6th century. The Indian Buddha statuette, the Irish crozier and the Egyptian Coptic scoop which were found on Helgö, are presently on display in the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sweden" ; :representative-latlong-point (59.278511 17.680435) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :balbal-burana-tower a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Stone Balbal near Burana Tower" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 700 ; :note "There is no specific landing page for this figure. What is basis for date?" ; :in-modern-country-note "Kyrgyzstan" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.746944 75.248611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sultanganj-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sultanganj Buddha" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 700 ; :material-note "Copper" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ .. cast in pure, unrefined copper by the cire perdue, or lost wax, technique. Inside there is a clay body, mixed with rice husks that allowed radiocarbon dating.[6] The figure stands in the “Fearless Posture”, with his right hand raised in abhayamudra (a gesture of reassurance or protection), and his left hand is held downwards with palm outwards, said to indicate granting a favour. The end of the monastic robe is held between the thumb and forefinger of this hand ... ” " ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 25.246 86.738 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :moche-warrior-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Moche Warrior Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Copper" ; :note "From Met website: “Composed of six pieces of gilded copper cut from a larger sheet, [this piece] was shaped to create a figure of a warrior brandishing a weapon (now lost) and carrying a circular shield.”" ; :findspot-note "From Met website: “These figures were said to have been found at a site or sites known as Loma Negra, a northern outpost of Moche culture.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-5.612001 -80.499232) ; :thumbnail-image . :bamiyan-buddhas a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bamiyan Buddhas" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 570 ; :latest-date 625 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.832 67.8267) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :biamsa-temple-buddhist-stele a :human-figure ; # :described-by , ; # :period-note "Unified Silla Kingdom (Korea)" ; # :material-note "Soapstone" ; # :earliest-date 650 ; # :latest-date 700 . :colossal-reclining-buddha-wat-dhammachaksemaram a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Colossal Reclining Buddha at Wat Dhammachaksemaram" ; :described-by , ; :date 657 ; :note "See Archaeology Magazine link for notice of further figures found beneath the reclining Buddha." ; :in-modern-country-note "Thailand" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.9723 102.1) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :gilt-bronze-bhaisajyaguru-buddha a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Unified Silla Kingdom (Korea)" ; # :earliest-date 676 ; # :latest-date 935 ; # :material-note "Bronze" . # :sarira-reliquaries a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Unified Silla Kingdom (Korea)" ; # :earliest-date 675 ; # :latest-date 685 ; # :material-note "Gilt bronze" . # :gandhara-bodhisattva a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Gandhara Region (Pakistan)" ; # :earliest-date 200 ; # :latest-date 300 . # :funerary-stele-tylos 100 - 300 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stele_funeraria_figurativa,_tardo_periodo_di_tylos,_bahrain,_II-III_secolo_circa.JPG :patna-yakshas a :human-figure ; :described-by , ; :period-note "Mauryan Empire (India)" ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -200 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.594034 85.137553) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :standing-female-puig-des-molins a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Female Statuette from Puig des Molins" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ ... ceramic figure, 47 cm tall, that dates from the third century BC. ... found in the necropolis of Puig des Molins on the island of Ibiza in the Mediterranean. It was made using a mold and has a cavity in the back, perhaps used for hanging it up. She is richly ornamented in terms of clothing and jewelry.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.9072 1.42951) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :maurya-standing-male-figure a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :period-note "Mauryan Empire (India)" ; :earliest-date -300 ; :latest-date -100 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mauryan-empire ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # no longer at this page on met website # :okvik-figurine a :human-figure ; # rdfs:label "Okvik Figurine" ; # :described-by ; # :earliest-date -200 ; # :latest-date 100 ; # :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; # :representative-latlong-point (65.639361 -167.05) ; # :note "Specific findspot not known." ; # :thumbnail-image . :old-bering-sea-standing-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Old Bering Sea Standing Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -200 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Walrus ivoery" ; :note "Specific findspot not known. From Met Museum webstie: “Also carved of walrus ivory were human figures, most frequently female. The purpose to which the enigmatic but equally elegant figures were put is unclear. Some authorities call them dolls-originally, they may have been dressed-while others call them ceremonial objects.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (65.65 -167.5) ; :thumbnail-image . :old-bering-sea-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Old Bearing Sea Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -150 ; :latest-date 100 ; :material-note "Walrus ivory" ; :note "Specific findspot not known. From Met Museum website: “The ivory half-figures or torsos made during the late centuries of the first millennium BCE were often rendered with such a minimum of detail that they remain enigmatic to the most insightful of viewers. Armless and legless, with faces reduced to essential elements, the figures are part of a larger group of works that have been called dolls by some, ceremonial or shamanistic objects by others.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (63.362222 -170.267222) ; :thumbnail-image . :hercules-behistun a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hercules in High Relief at Behistun" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date -148 ; :note "Dated by inscription. From Wikipedia: “ ... lying on a 2 m-long (6.6 ft) platform and holds a bowl in his left hand. His right hand rests on his leg. The statue is 1.47 m long and is attached to the mountain.“" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.3833 47.4333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :jade-burial-suit-liu-sheng a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Jade Burial Suit of Liu Sheng" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date -110 ; :latest-date -113 ; :material-note "Jade, Gold" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.949 115.322) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :mudgarpani-yaksha a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Mathura (India)" ; # :earliest-date -110 ; # :latest-date -90 . # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippian_copper_plates # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippian_stone_statuary # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayavarman_VII # -62 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Nemrut :youth-flowers-haddad a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Youth with Flowers from Hadda" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date -50 ; :latest-date 300 ; :note "Frequently dated within the first two centures CE." ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.361685 70.470752) ; :thumbnail-image . :kankali-tila-tablet a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kankali Tila tablet of Sodasa" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.491389 77.673889) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :northern-satraps-of-india ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sampul-tapestry a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Sampul Tapestry" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 100 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.020199 80.113078) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tyara-maskette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Tyara Maskette" ; :described-by ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :dorset-culture ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Canada" ; :representative-latlong-point (62 -70) ; # hudson strait :thumbnail-image . :quimbaya-poporo-female-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Quimbaya Poporo with Female Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 600 ; :in-modern-country-note "Colombia" ; :representative-latlong-point (4.841 -75.632) ; :note "Mapped point is only approximate at large scale." ; :thumbnail-image . :figure-regalia-19th-unnamed-cave a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure in “Regalia” from 19th Unnamed Cave"; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.6 -86.4) ; :note "The actual location of the cave is undisclosed so the point is only a loose indication." ; :thumbnail-image . :nijmegen-helmet a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Nijmegen Helmet" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 25 ; :latest-date 125 ; :in-modern-country-note "Netherlands" ; :representative-latlong-point (51.8475 5.8625) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :han-pottery-storyteller-beating-a-drum a :human-figure ; :described-by ; :period-note "Eastern Han Dynasty (China)" ; :earliest-date 25 ; :latest-date 220 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" . :cato-volubulis a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Portrait of Cato from Volubulis" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 50 ; :in-modern-country-note "Morrocco" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.071111 -5.553611) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :parthian-standing-figure-shami a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Parthian Standing Figure from Shami" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 50 ; :latest-date 150 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.326389 48.449722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :head-shaped-burial-jar-ayub-cave a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Head Shaped Burial Jar from Ayub Cave" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 50 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Philippines" ; :representative-latlong-point (6.03 124.48) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :ribchester-helmet a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Ribchester Helmet" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 75 ; :latest-date 125 ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.813 -2.532) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :roman-period-egyptian-funerary-portrait a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Roman Period Egyptian Funerary Portrait" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 150 ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :roman-egypt ; :thumbnail-image . :gandharan-standing-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gandharan Standing Buddha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :gandhara ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :paired-figures-funerary-relief-tylos a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Paired Figures from Funerary Relief of Tylos" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Bahrain" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.983812 50.556783) ; :note "Mapped generically to Bahrain." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :goddess-of-hayan a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Goddess of Hayan" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 300; :in-modern-country-note "Jordan" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.33036 35.44254) ; :thumbnail-image . :birthing-scene-from-ostia a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Birthing Scene from Ostia" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :note "From ostia-antica website: “A woman lying on a bed, giving birth to two or perhaps three children. She is assisted by three women.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.733244 12.278939) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :roman-empire ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :nursing-scene-from-ostia a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Nursing Scene from Ostia" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 300 ; :note "No individual description on ostia-antica website." ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.733244 12.278939) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :roman-empire ; :thumbnail-image . # :tolita-tumaco-bench-figure a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Tolita-Tumaco (Ecuador or Colombia)" ; # :earliest-date 100 ; # :latest-date 400 . :female-statuette-dharmarajika-stupa a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Statuette from Dharmarajika Stupa" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.73 72.78) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :nola-helmet a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Nola Helmet" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 100 ; :latest-date 200 ; :note "From BM website: “Bronze parade mask: a woman's face, perhaps worn by soldiers representing Amazons.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.926111 14.5275) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tropaeum-traiani a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Tropaeum Traiani" ; :described-by ; :date 109 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The trophy monument was built, according to the inscription, between 106 and 109 AD probably by Apollodorus of Damascus, Trajan's favoured architect and engineer. It was inspired by the Augustus mausoleum, and was dedicated to Mars Ultor. It is a cylindrical building, with steps at the base, of diameter 40 m. Around the side were 54 metopes, showing Romans fighting Decebalus's allies, of which 48 are in the local museum and 1 is in Istanbul. The reliefs were framed by friezes and separated by decorative pilasters. The upper part was festooned with 27 battlements, each one showing prisoners...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Romania" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.102 27.955) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :doll-tomb-crepereia-tryphaena a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Doll from the Tomb of Crepereia Tryphaena" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 120 ; :latest-date 160 ; :material-note "Ivory" ; :note "From centralemontemartini.org: During the excavations carried out in 1889 for the construction of the Palace of Justice, the side by side sarcophagi of a man and a young woman, identified thanks to funerary inscriptions as Crepereius Euhodus and Crepereia Tryphaena, were brought to light. / The discovery caused a huge stir at the time, since the sarcophagus of the young woman, still intact, contained not only the mortal remains of the girl but also her grave goods, consisting of gold jewels and precious stones, of an amber distaff and a very refined ivory doll with articulated limbs accompanied by small toiletries. The precious set can be dated around the middle of the 2nd century A.D. and attests to the wealth of the Crepereii family, rich freedmen probably employed in the service of the imperial house, since the place where the burials were found has been included in the imperial domain since Nero's time.“" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.9041 12.4704) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :roman-empire ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # ??? https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/196592 # https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/anth/?ark=ark:/65665/3d509babb24e74e989f371e4e9da45ee6 :doshafri-simi-hatra a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Princess Doshafri and Princess Simi from Hatra" ; :described-by , , ; :approximate-date 138 ; :note "Simi statue is dated to 138 CE by its inscription." ; :in-modern-country-note "Iraq" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.588301 42.716673) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :la-mojarra-stela-1 a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "La Mojarra Stela 1" ; :described-by ; :date 156 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (18.6153 -95.7417) ; :note "While the content and meaning of the text are disputed, I believe the dates are not." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :tuxtla-statuette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Tuxtla Statuette" ; :described-by , ; :date 162 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :note "See Smithsonian page for findspot." ; :representative-latlong-point (18.466667 -95.433333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :crosby-garrett-helmet a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Crosby Garrett Helmet" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 175 ; :latest-date 225 ; :material-note "Copper Alloy" ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.479 -2.42) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :palmyrene-mother-daughter a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Palmyrene Mother and Daughter" ; :described-by , ; :date 184 ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.551389 38.268056) ; :thumbnail-image . # 200 - 400 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miran_(Xinjiang) # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loulan_Kingdom :apollo-cyrene a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Statue of Apollo from Cyrene" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 200 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "Libya" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.825 21.858056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :zliten-mosaic a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Zliten Mosaic with Gladiatorial Scenes" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 175 ; :latest-date 250 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "From penelope.uchicago.edu: “This image shows the complete mosaic and provides a perspective that very often is presented only as individual images. Gladiatorial contests alternate with animal hunts. Across the top border, one can see musicians and combat between equites, a retiarius and secutor, a Thraex and murmillo, a hoplomachus and murmillo (who is appealing to the referee), and a final matched pair with crested helmets. Across the right-hand border, there are scenes of damnatio ad bestias and venationes. The opposing borders are damaged but show more gladiatorial combat across the bottom and venationes on the left.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Libya" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.466667 14.566667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :harbor-scene-torlonia-relief a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Harbor Scene on “Torlonia Relief”" ; :defined-by , ; :earliest-date 175 ; :latest-date 250 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :note "From Torlonia Collection website: “A large ship with decorated sails, on which the mythical symbol of the she-wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus stands out; the scene of a sacrifice calling for the successful outcome of a voyage; the towering lighthouse that welcomes sailors inside the port, the divine figures of Neptune and Bacchus: these are just some of the elements that the bas-relief depicts with an extraordinary amount of detail...”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Italy" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.777466 12.257770) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-applique-deccan a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Appliqué from the Deccan" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 300 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "Specific findspot not known. Image after Barrett 1967. From article: “The figure,s apart from the arms, is hollow cast, presumably by the cire perdu method. The arms, or the wax models for them, were presumably made in two-piece moulds. Possibly they were pre-cast, and inserted into the mould for the body when the latter was cast. The upper part of the head and crown has certainly been cast on, apparently around two iron pins, both of which are visible as patches of rust on the crown and one of which can clearly be seen inside the back of the head. The union between the two parts has been filled by four fragments of cast bronze hammered into an enlarged cavity along the line of junction. All three parts of the figure appear to have been made of similar metal which has corroded in a similar manner and to a similar depth”." ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.691667 74.233333) . :kushan-plaque-with-two-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Kushan Plaque with Two Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 300 ; :note "From Metmuseum website: “depicts a deity (with nimbus) being approached by a male worshiper, probably nonroyal but portrayed as of equal stature to the god”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan and neighboring." ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :kushan-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (36.756160 66.912596) ; :note "Met Museum page suggests Balkh as possible findspot. Mapped point is proxy for Northern Afghanistan generally." ; :thumbnail-image . :stone-statuette-gholaia a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Small bust from Gholaia" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 300 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "From livius.org image page: “Bu Njem, Sanctuary, Head of a war goddess”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Libya" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.578331 15.413040 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :buddha-disciples-miran a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Buddha with Disciples from Miran" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 400 ; :note "From Wikipedia image caption: “Fragment of a wall painting from a stupa in Miran depicting the Buddha (leftmost) followed by six disciples”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.234167 88.939444) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :balalyk-tepe-murals a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Balalyk Tepe Murals" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkmenistan" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :kushan-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (37.535384 67.115405) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-pins-roman-egypt a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Figure Pierced by Copper Pins" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 400 ; :material-note "Ceramic, copper alloy" ; :note "Specific findspot not known." ; :in-modern-country "Egypt" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.807431 30.873016) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :fasting-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Fasting Buddha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 200 ; :latest-date 500 ; :in-modern-country-note "Pakistan or India" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.756 72.8291) ; :note "No specific findspot." ; :thumbnail-image . :victory-relief-vindolanda a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Victory Figure from Arch Relief at Vindolanda" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 215 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "From Vindolanda Trust website: “stone is thought to be one side of a much larger relief which would have framed an inscription in its centre. These particular barracks at Vindolanda were built at the end of a tumultuous time for the Romans in Britain, in c AD 213, just after the end of the Severan wars.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.9911 -2.3608) ; :thumbnail-image . :julius-terentius-sacrifice-dura a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Julius Terentius Performing a Sacrifice" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 239 ; :note "From Yale Gallery website: “Commissioned by the Roman tribune at Dura-Europos, Julius Terentius (depicted and identified here by Latin inscription), this painting mixes Greek, Roman, and Palmyrene elements, perhaps as a gesture of diplomacy. Performing an official sacrifice in front of a military standard, Terentius stands with his men.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.747 40.73) ; :wikidata-uri ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hoxne-hoard-pepper-pot a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hoxne Hoard Pepper Pot" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 400 ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (52.3425 1.1875) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bura-funerary-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bura Funerary Figure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 300 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Yale Art Gallery website: “ ... a necropolis at Bura-Asinda-Sikka with more than six hundred overturned ceramic urns dating from 300 to 1700. Some of the urns contained human remains, while others had remains buried underneath. Bura vessels are generally ovoid and tubular in shape, and some are surmounted by figures or heads. In some examples, like this one, the head is angled skyward.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Niger" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.898 1.039) ; :thumbnail-image . # :female-figure-holding-cornucopia 200 - 200 https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_2012-6029-1 # 200 - 600 ???? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naked_prisoners_being_led_by_warrior_at_El_Brujo.JPG :cheng-han-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cheng-Han Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 304 ; :latest-date 338 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.66 104.063333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dong-shu-funerary-portrait a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Dong Shu Funerary Portrait" ; :described-by , , ; :date 357 ; :in-modern-country-note "North Korea" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.449131 125.508131) ; :note "Mapped point is only approximate at large scale." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mark-garima-2-gospel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mark the Evangelist from the Garima 2 Gospel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 390 ; :latest-date 570 ; :in-modern-country-note "Ethiopia" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.161667 38.952778) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # :terracotta-ganges-and-attendant a :human-figure ; # :described-by ; # :period-note "Gupta (India)" ; # :earliest-date 400 ; # :latest-date 600 . :quimbaya-gold-funerary-urn a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Quimbaya Gold Funerary Urn" ; :described-by , , , ; :earliest-date 400 ; :latest-date 600 ; :in-modern-country-note "Colombia" ; :representative-latlong-point (4.839 -75.631) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :boa-island-two-faced-marker a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Boa Island Two-Faced Marker" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 400 ; :latest-date 800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Northern Ireland" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.516667 -7.833333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mayan-wooden-kneeling-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mayan Wooden Kneeling Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 410 ; :latest-date 650 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico or Guatemala" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mayan-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (16.75 -89.15) ; :note "The mapped location is only a general indication of possilbe origin. See discussion on Met Museum page." ; :thumbnail-image . :huqoq-mosaics a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Huqoq Mosaics" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 425 ; :in-modern-country-note "Israel" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.884722 35.478889) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # 450 - 525 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crowned_man,_Zafar.jpg :head-eutropius a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Head of Eutropius" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 430 ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.941111 27.341944) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :crystal-river-petroglyph a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Crystal River Petroglyph" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 450 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (28.909529 -82.628481) ; :note "The date given here seems to be close to the consensus. But what is the basis?" ; :thumbnail-image . :penjikent-murals a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Penjikent Murals" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 480 ; :latest-date 722 ; :in-modern-country-note "Tajikistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.486792 67.620477) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :sogdian-art ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :christ-pantokrator-saint-catherines a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Christ Pantokrator, Saint Catherine's Monastery" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 550 ; :in-modern-country-note "Egypt" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :byzantine-art ; :representative-latlong-point (28.555556 33.976111) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gilt-bronze-buddha-goguryeo-kingdom a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gilt Bronze Buddha from Goguryeo Kingdom" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 600 ; :in-modern-country-note "North Korea" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.016667 125.7475) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :goguryeo ; :thumbnail-image . :haniwa-warrior-keiko-armor a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Haniwa Warrior in Keiko Armor" ; :described-by ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.29114 139.37536) ; # Ota City, Japan :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :kofun-period ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 600 ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :sekijun-male-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sekijin Male Figure" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 600 ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.561389 139.716111) ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :kofun-period ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :figure-carved-bone-orkney a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Figure Carved on Cattle Bone from Orkney" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 700 ; :note "Colloquially know as the ‘Peedie Pict’. Mapped point is approximate." ; :material-note "Cattle bone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Scotland" ; :representative-latlong-point (58.856747 -2.891810) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :moche-head-shaped-vessel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Moche Head-shaped Vessel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :moche-culture ; :thumbnail-image . :wari-tray-with-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Wari Tray with Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :material-note "Wood, copper allou" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :wari-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :so-called-bennet-monolith a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Bennet Monolith" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bolivia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-16.554722 -68.673333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :so-called-ponce-monolith a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Ponce Monolith" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :material-note "Andesite" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bolivia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-16.55479 -68.67312) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :qajartalik-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Qajartalik Petroglyphs" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 500 ; :latest-date 1250 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Qajartalik (Inuktitut for “where there is a kayak”) is a petroglyph site located on the Qajartalik peninsula of Qikertaaluk Island, Nunavut, approximately 40 km southeast of Kangiqsujuaq, Quebec. The site consists of over 150 carvings of faces in soapstone. It was created by the Dorset people, the culture who inhabited the Canadian eastern Arctic and Greenland beginning approximately 2,200 years ago before disappearing approximately 1,000 years ago, and who inhabited the region prior to the Thule Inuit who arrived approximately 800 years ago. It is believed to be the northernmost rock art site in North America...”." ; :in-modern-country-note "Canada" ; :representative-latlong-point (61.331574 -71.499644) ; :thumbnail-image . :anyang-funerary-bed a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Anyang Funerary Bed" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 550 ; :latest-date 577 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.099 114.392) ; :note "Dispersed on art market after discovery. Said to be from Anyang." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :attendant-wounded-horse a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Emperor and Wounded House from Zhao Mausoleum" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 599 ; :latest-date 649 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.6319 108.4833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :el-peru-waka-burial-39-funerary-ritual-scene a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "El Perú-Waka Burial 39 Funerary Ritual Scence" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 650 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From LACMA website: “ ... scene of 23 ceramic figurines, arranged by mourners in a circular configuration inside a royal tomb chamber, tells a story about the ritual life of the ancient Maya. This scene includes a deceased king accompanied by his animal spirit companion—a magical deer wearing an oval pendant with a motif in the shape of a capital “T” incised into it. For the ancient Maya, this was the Ik’ symbol, which represented breath, wind, and life.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Guatemala" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.2783 -90.3806) ; :thumbnail-image . :sutton-hoo-helmet a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Sutton Hoo Helmet" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 700 ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (52.089167 1.338056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # 600 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahlac_Pictograph_Cave (see PDF report) # 600 see head https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariharalaya :fondukistan-monastery-divinity a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Fondukistan Monastery Divinity" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 700 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From Guimet website: “The elegance of the figure is visible in the refinement of the folds moulding the body, the details of the ornaments such as the headdress and necklaces and the sophistication of the curls and hairstyle, which make it a timeless and graceful masterpiece. The mannerism and Indian influence are typical of the Fondukistan site - a coin treasure found in another niche allowed to date the sculptures back to the 7th century - which showcases the last manifestation of Buddhist art in Afghanistan before the takeover of Islam.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Afghanistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.969591 68.876891) ; # Kabul, Afghanistan :thumbnail-image . :descent-of-the-ganges a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Descent of Ganges Frieze" ; :described-by ; :period-note "Pallava Dynasty (India)" ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 700 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “Descent of the Ganges, known locally as Arjuna's Penance, is a monument at Mamallapuram, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in the Chengalpattu district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Measuring 96 by 43 feet (29 m × 13 m), it is a giant open-air rock relief carved on two monolithic rock boulders. The legend depicted in the relief is the story of the descent of the sacred river Ganges to earth from the heavens led by Bhagiratha. The waters of the Ganges are believed to possess supernatural powers. The descent of the Ganges and Arjuna's Penance are portrayed in stone at the Pallava heritage site. The relief is more of a canvas of Indian rock cut sculpture at its best not seen anywhere else in India. It is one of the Group of Monuments at Mamallapuram that was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984.”" ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (12.6175 80.198889) ; # Mahabalipuram, India :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :battle-scene-aberlemno-2 a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Battle Scene on Stone Aberlemno 2" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Scotland" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :pictish-art ; :representative-latlong-point (56.689167 -2.781389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :wooden-mirror-frame a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Wooden Figure holding Mirror Frame" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :apparent-gender :male ; :note "Specific findspot not known. From Princeton Museum website: “Reportedly from a cave near the Sesesmil River”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Honduras" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.855696 -89.156942 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :gilt-tara-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gilt Statue of Tara" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Gilt bronze" ; :note "Findspot is uncertain. Mapped to the city of Kandy. From Wikipedia: “The sculpture represents a standing figure of a female deity solid cast in bronze using the lost wax process. The statue is about three quarter life size and it has been gilded to create the luxurious, golden appearance. The goddess's hour-glass upper body is bare with a lower garment tied to the hips with an almost ankle length hemline. Tara's right hand is shown in the gesture of giving while her left hand is thought to have held a lotus flower, now lost.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sri Lanka" ; :representative-latlong-point (7.2931 80.635) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :palm-sunday-qocho a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Palm Sunday Mural from Qocho" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 900 ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.852778 89.529167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :nazca-tunic-panel-three-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Nazca Culture Tunic Panel with Three Figures" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 600 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :material-note "Cotton, Feathers" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-14.07 -75.73) ; :note "No specific origin or findspot." ; :thumbnail-image . # 600 - 900 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/309503 :coin-chach-7th-century a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Coin of Chach, e. 7th Century CE" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 625 ; :latest-date 675 ; :material-note "Copper alloy" ; :note "Uncertain ruler. Findspot unknown. Mapped to Chach/Tashkent as mint." ; :in-modern-country-note "Uzbekistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (41.311111 69.279722) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :afrasiab-murals a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Afrasiab Murals" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 640 ; :latest-date 660 ; :material-note "Plaster, pain" ; :in-modern-country-note "Uzbekistan" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.6693 66.9934) ; # Samarkand, Uzbekistan :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :sogdian-art ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :wari-head-shaped-vessel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Wari Head-shaped Vessel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 650 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-13.163056 -74.224444) ; # Ayacucho :note "The mapped location is only a general indication of origin region.." ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :wari-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :partially-dressed-male-figure-jaina a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Partially Dressed Male Figure from Jaina Island" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 650 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (20.208333 -90.485833) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :kneeling-bodhisattva-mogao-cave a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kneeling Bodhisattva (Mogao Cave)" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 650 ; :latest-date 700 ; :material-note "Ceramic, wooden armature" ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The bodhisattva is posed with its head inclined slightly forward, hands pressed in Añjali Mudrā. Its upper body wears a scarf draped upon the shoulders, a jeweled necklace, with the dhoti covering the legs and feet.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.037222 94.804167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :rinnegan-crucifixion-plaque a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Rinnegan Crucifixion Plaque" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 675 ; :latest-date 775 ; :note "Adpated from Wikipedia: “Christ wears a tubular and long-sleeved tunic ... and is beadless. He is centre-facing and looking out at the viewer with outstretched arms. He has open eyes and seems to stand rather than hang on the centre of the cross ... His feet point inwards and downwards, and the rivet holes indicate that he is nailed to a cross. The thin border that outlines his head is assumed to be a halo. His chest, arms and long tunic are heavily decorated by elaborate early Celtic spiral patterns.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Ireland" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.5 -7.966667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :madara-rider-relief a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Madara Rider Relief" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 680 ; :latest-date 820 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :note "An early 8th century date may be most likely. From Wikipedia: “The relief sculpture depicts a majestic horseman, approximately 23 m (75 ft) above ground level, carved into an almost vertical 100 m-high (328 ft) cliff. The sculpture is almost life-size. The horseman, facing right, is thrusting a spear into a lion lying at his horse's feet, and on the left a dog is running after the horseman.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Bulgaria" ; :representative-latlong-point (43.276694 27.119556) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mask-of-k-inich-janaab-pakal a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Mask of K'inich Janaab' Pakal" ; :described-by ; :date 683 ; :material-note "Jade, shell, nacre, obsidian" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... made with over 346 green jade stone fragments, the eyes are made with shell, nacre and the pupils with obsidian stone." ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (17.4836 -92.0468) ; # Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :maya-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :renshou-giant-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Renshou Giant Buddha" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 707 ; :note "Location not precisely mapped. The Wikipedia article is a stub. Brief quote: “Renshou Giant Buddha (traditional Chinese: 仁壽大佛; simplified Chinese: 仁寿大佛; pinyin: Rénshòu Dàfó), also known as Niujiaozhai Giant Buddha (牛角寨大佛), is a large stone Buddha located within Renshou County, Sichuan”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (30.253091 104.174724) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :painting-women-takamatsuzuka-tomb a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Painting of Women from Takamatsuzuka Tomb" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 694 ; :latest-date 710 ; :note "The thumbnail image is from the west wall, partial description from Wikipedia: “On the west wall, in contrast, from the south side, there is a group of male figures, the White Tiger, above which is the moon, and a group of female figures. The group of female figures on the west wall was particularly colorful.”." ; :in-modern-country-note "Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (34.462222 135.806472) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gullgubber-embracing-couple a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Gullgubber depicting Embracing Couple" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 700 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sweden" ; :representative-latlong-point (58.4502349 14.9766312) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bewcastle-cross a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bewcastle Cross" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 700 ; :latest-date 750 ; :in-modern-country-note "England" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.063611 -2.681944) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :leshan-giant-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Leshan Giant Buddha" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 713 ; :latest-date 803 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Leshan Giant Buddha (Chinese: 樂山大佛) is a 71-meter (233 ft) tall stone statue, built between 713 and 803 (during the Tang dynasty). It is carved out of a cliff face of Cretaceous red bed sandstones that lies at the confluence of the Min River and Dadu River in the southern part of Sichuan Province in China, near the city of Leshan. The stone sculpture faces Mount Emei, with the rivers flowing below its feet.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.544722 103.773333) ; # Leshan, China :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :tang-dynasty ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :uaxaclajuun-ub-aah-k-awiil-stela-h-copan a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil on Stela H at Copan" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 720 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Honduras" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.8375 -89.1425) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :musicians-rider-qasr-al-hayr-al-gharbi a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Musicians and Rider Fresco from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 727 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ ... features a hunter, similar to Sassanian depictions of kings during royal hunts, as well as depictions of two court minstrels playing musical instruments, a nai (a woodwind instrument) and an oud (a string instrument), beneath a pair of ornamented arches. The hunter is dressed in Sassanian-style fashion; his head-scarf flying behind him, and his bow and arrow are drawn tight for the shot.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Syria" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 34.374444 37.605833 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bust-kul-tigin a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bust of Kul Tigin" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 732 ; :material-note "Marble" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Bust of Kul Tigin is an 8th-century marble bust thought to represent Kul Tigin, a Turkic general and prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate. The head was probably part of a seated figure, whose torso was found in the same building at the Complex of Kul Tigin in Khöshöö-Tsaidam, Mongolia.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mongolia" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 47.556667 102.831389) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :panel-borobudu-hidden-foot a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Panel from from Borobudur ‘Hidden Foot’" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 750 ; :latest-date 850 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Indonesia" ; :representative-latlong-point (-7.608 110.204) ; # Borobudur, Indonesia :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :sailendra-dynasty ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/CPbWMMoFSnmUlSHF3dkf5A :colossal-toltec-warriors a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Colossal Toltec Warriors" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 750 ; :latest-date 950 ; :material-note "Limestone, sandstone, volcanic rock" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (20.064156 -99.340803) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :musician-bomampak-murals a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Procession from the Bonampak Murals" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 790 ; :latest-date 800 ; :material-note "Plaster" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.704 -91.065) ; # Site :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :maya-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :panels-somapura-mahavihara a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Panels at Somapura Mahavihara Monastery" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 781 ; :latest-date 1043 ; :in-modern-country-note "Bangladesh" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.031111 88.976944) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-sword-bearer-harby a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Sword Bearer from Hårby" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 800 ; :in-modern-country-note "Denmark" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.221667 10.1225) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :bread-image-christ a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Circular Bread Loaf with Image of Christ" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 800 ; :note "The find was announced on FaceBook, though I can't find original post and welcome a better long-term landing page. The mapped point is near the Karaman Museum." ; :in-modern-country-note "Turkey" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.182959 33.211578) ; :thumbnail-image . :four-evangelists-aachen-gospel a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Four Evangelists, Aachen Gospel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 810 ; :material-note "Animal parchment" ; :in-modern-country-note "Germany" ; :representative-latlong-point (50.775036 6.082817) ; # Aachen :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :carolingian-renaissance ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :avalokisteshvara-statue-nalanda a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Avalokisteshvara from Nalanda" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 900 ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (25.13662 85.442608) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gilded-silver-pendant-revninge a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gilded Silver Pendant from Revninge" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 900 ; :material-note "Gold gilt, silver" ; :in-modern-country-note "Denmark" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.419375 10.652358) ; :thumbnail-image . :zbruck-idol a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Zbruck Idol" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 900 ; :material-note "Limestone" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... a four-sided pillar of grey limestone, 2.67 m (8.8 ft) in height, and has three tiers of reliefs engraved upon each of the four sides. The lower tier is 67 cm (26 in); the middle tier is 40 cm (16 in); and the top tier is 167 cm (66 in). Three sides of the lowest tier show a kneeling, bearded entity who appears to support the upper tier on his hands; the fourth side is blank. / he middle tier shows a smaller entity with extended arms on all four sides. Only one of four sides has an entity with a tiny “child” figure. / The four sides of the uppermost tier have the largest figures of the idol, with four faces united beneath a tall rounded hat. Each of the sides has a distinct attribute: a ring or a bracelet; a drinking horn, or horn of plenty; a sword and a horse; and an eroded solar symbol.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Ukraine" ; :representative-latlong-point (49.146111 26.16) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :redhorn-panel-picture-cave a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "“Redhorn” Panel Picture Cave" ; :described-by , , , ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 950 ; :note "Location of cave in Warren Country purposefully not publically available." ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.790844 -91.185091) ; :thumbnail-image . :figure-horned-animal-effigy-bowl a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Human-like figure on Effigy Bowl in form a Horned Animal" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (32.997005 -111.532069) ; :note "Needs landing page. Mapped to Casa Grande, AZ for time being." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :muiredachs-high-cross a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Muiredach High Cross" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Ireland" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.7775 -6.4175) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :wolin-four-face-figuring a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Wolin Four Faced Figurine" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “figurine depicts a character with four faces, that had been identified as depicting Svetovit, a god of abundance and war in the Slavic paganism. It is made out of the wood of European yew tree.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Poland" ; :representative-latlong-point (53.916667 14.5) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cub-creek-petroglyph-panel a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Cub Creek Petroglyph Panel" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :note "From NPS website: “The petroglyph panels here at Cub Creek feature a variety of typical Fremont designs, including human and animal figures and abstract designs.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.419351 -109.188222) ; :thumbnail-image . :standing-xipe-totec-tazumal a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Standing Figure of Xipe Totec from Tazumal" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 800 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "El Salvador" ; :representative-latlong-point (13.979444 -89.674167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :rongxian-giant-buddha a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Rongxian Giant Buddha" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 817 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The Rongxian Giant Buddha (simplified Chinese: 荣县大佛; traditional Chinese: 榮縣大佛; pinyin: Róngxìan Dàfó) formerly romanized as Yong-hien or Hong-yien, is a 36.7-metre (120 ft) tall stone statue, built around 817 (during the Tang dynasty), depicting Maitreya.[citation needed] It is 90 kilometres east of the Leshan Giant Buddha. The Buddha is carved out of the cliff face of a stone hill that lies to the north east of Rongxian and the Rongxi River in the eastern part of Sichuan province in China. Standing 414 metres above sea level, the stone sculpture overlooks the town of Rongxian below its feet.”" ; :in-moodern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (29.454722 104.431111) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :altar-13-caracol a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Altar 13 at Caracol" ; :described-by ; :date 820 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Belize" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.763889 -89.1175) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :cross-legged-figure-bucket a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cross-legged Figure Bucket Ornament" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 830 ; :note "Translated from the Norwegian Wikipedia page using Google Translate: “The “Buddha Bucket”, often more neutrally referred to as the “Celtic Bucket’, is a bucket from the Oseberg find with two small male figures that superficially resemble traditional representations of Buddha. The bucket was found aboard the “Oseberg Ship”, a Viking ship that was excavated from the Oseberg Mound near Tønsberg in 1904. The mound was a ship grave from the Viking Age where two unknown female bodies were placed in the ship along with many animals and very rich grave goods in the year 834. The craftsmanship on the bucket is different from the Oseberg style on much of the other grave goods, and it was probably made in Ireland in the 7th–8th centuries, like other magnificent buckets in the find.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Norway" ; :representative-latlong-point (59.905 10.6844) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :equestrian-charlemagne a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Equestrian Statue of Charlemagne" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 840 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :note "Mapped to Metz Cathedral. From Wikipedia: “he statuette consists of three parts: the horse, the rider's body with the saddle, and the rider's head. It has a total height of 24 cm. The rider is depicted with a moustache, an open crown on his head, a sword in his right hand (lost), an imperial orb in his left hand, and a riding cloak fastened with a fibula.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 49.12 6.1754 ) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :printed-diamond-sutra-mogao-caves a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Printed Diamond Sutra from Mogao Caves" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 868 ; :note "From “Diamond Sutra” Wikpedia page: “A copy of the Tang dynasty Diamond Sūtra was found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in 1900 by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu and sold to Aurel Stein in 1907. It dates back to May 11, 868 CE and is broadly considered to be the oldest extant printed book, although other, earlier, printed materials on paper exist that predate this artifact. It is in the collection of the British Library.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.037222 94.804167) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :female-bodhisattva-dong-duong a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Female Bodhisattva from " ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 875 ; :latest-date 925 ; :material-note "Bronze" ; :in-modern-country-note "Vietnam" ; :representative-latlong-point (15.666944 108.383056) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :fort-mojave-twins a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Fort Mojave Twins Geoglyphs" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 900 ; :note "Chronology uncertain. Not in Wikipedia. But should be." ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.009388 -114.608283) ; :thumbnail-image . :bouse-fisherman-geoglyph a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bouse Fisherman Geoglyph" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 900 ; :note "Chronology speculative. Not in Wikipedia. But should be." ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.790690 -114.094457) ; :thumbnail-image . :bowl-figure-vessel a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bowl with Figure holding Vessel" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :in-modern-country-note "Iran" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.206111 58.793333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :intricately-carved-panel-box a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Intricately Carved Panel from Box" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1025 ; :material-note "Elephant Ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Spain" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.89 -4.78) ; :thumbnail-image . :beaker-figure-shell a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Beaker with Figure displaying Shell" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-6.435556 -79.933889) ; :note "Exact findspot not known." ; :thumbnail-image . :igbo-ukwu-face-pendant a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Igbo ukwu Face Pendant" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1100; :material-note "Bronze" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :kingdom-of-nri ; :in-modern-country-note "Nigeria" ; :representative-latlong-point (6.016667 7.016667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :male-anthropomorphic-figurine-schroda a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Male Anthropomorphic Figurine from Schroda" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "The chronology may be towards the later part of the 900 to 1100 range, see the linked article by A. Antonities. Image here is after Fig. 3 in that. From Google Arts and Culture: “ ... male figurine has an animal-like head, making it therianthropic or part-human, part animal. Many of the Schroda anthropomorphic figurines are clearly sexed. This figurine is covered in red ochre on the back and on the lower part of the front abdomen.” The Wikipedia page needs improvement and it is hoped images of the figurines will make it to Wikimedia Commons." ; :in-mondern-country-note "South Africa" ; :representative-latlong-point (-22.183333 29.423611) . :blythe-geoglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Blythe Geoglyphs" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “The Blythe Intaglios contain three human figures, two four-legged animals, and a spiral ... The largest human figure in the Blythe Intaglio group is 52 m long.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.800278 -114.538333) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :huastec-life-death-figure a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Huastec Life and Death Figure" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1250 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (21.956361 -99.591496) ; :note "Mapped point approximate on basis of findspot description." ; :thumbnail-image . :figures-petroglyph-national-park-ontario a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Figures at Petroglyph Park Ontario" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 900 ; :latest-date 1400 ; :in-modern-country-note "Canada" ; :representative-latlong-point (44.615225 -78.04076) ; :thumbnail-image . :viking-gaming-piece a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Viking Gaming Piece" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 950 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :mateial-note "Walrus Ivory" ; :in-modern-country-note "Norway" ; :representative-latlong-point (59.785901 10.478906) ; :thumbnail-image . :great-hunt-panel-nine-mile-canyon a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Great Hunt Panel at Nine Mile Canyon" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 950 ; :latest-date 1250 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.816659 -110.319498) ; :note "Approximate location" ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :horned-figures-capitol-reef a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Horned Anthropomorphic Figures from Captiol Reef" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 950 ; :latest-date 1250 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.087321 -111.135686) ; :note "Approximate location" ; :thumbnail-image . :banteay-srei-fight-between-sunda-upasunda a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Banteay Srei - Fight between Sunda and Upasunda" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 967 ; :latest-date 1000 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Cambodia" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :khmer-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (13.598889 103.962778) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gommateshwara-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gommateshwara statue" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 983 ; :material-note "Granite" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Gommateshwara statue is a 57-foot (17 m) high monolithic statue on Vindhyagiri, also known as Indra-giri in the town of Shravanbelagola in the Indian state of Karnataka. Carved of a single block of granite, it is one of the tallest monolithic statues in the ancient world.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "India" ; :representative-latlong-point (12.854026 76.484677) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # 1000 - 1100 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avalokiteshvara,_the_Bodhisattva_of_Compassion,_Guge_kingdom,_1000-1050_AD,_Ngari,_west_Tibet,_brass_alloy,_copper_%26_tin_inlay,_colored_wax,_traces_of_gilding,_and_pigment_-_Freer_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC04534.jpg # 1000 - 1100 https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F2001.2a-d/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avalokiteshvara,_the_Bodhisattva_of_Compassion,_Guge_kingdom,_1000-1050_AD,_Ngari,_west_Tibet,_brass_alloy,_copper_%26_tin_inlay,_colored_wax,_traces_of_gilding,_and_pigment_-_Freer_Gallery_of_Art_-_DSC04534.jpg :taino-stand-human-form a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Taino Stand in Human Form" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 1000 ; :material-note "Guaiacum wood, Shell" ; :in-modern-country-note "Dominican Republic" ; :note "From Met Museum website: “A ground up hallucinogenic powder or paste would be placed on the top of the stand, and ceremonial participants would inhale the cohoba through snuff tubes. The effects of such ritual acts are visible in the zemí itself: the emaciated look of the figure may represent someone who had been fasting, and watering eyes would have accompanied the inhalation of such substances. The exceptional preservation of this zemí suggests that it was carefully housed and revered, perhaps passed down for centuries. Without evidence of burial, it is likely that the caretakers of this zemí eventually deposited this special figure in a cave; many of the surviving Taíno wooden sculptures have been recovered from cave contexts.”" ; :representative-latlong-point (19 -70.666667) ; :note "Findspot unknown" ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-figure-lejre a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figure from Lejre" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 900 ; :material-note "Silver" ; :in-modern-country-note "Denmark" ; :representative-latlong-point (55.604444 11.975) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :rallinge-statuette a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Rällinge Statuette" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 1000 ; :note "Mapped point is an approximation." ; :in-modern-country-note "Sweden" ; :representative-latlong-point (58.741402 16.738715) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :eyrarland-statue a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Eyrarland Statue " ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 1000 ; :note "Mapped point is an approximation." ; :in-modern-country-note "Iceland" ; :representative-latlong-point (65.683333 -18.1); :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :luzira-head a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Luzira Head" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 1000 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... the head has very narrow, protruding eyes and mouth with a diminutive nose. Along the forehead are three cicatrices. The hair is matted and falls either side of the head.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Uganda" ; :representative-latlong-point (0.301667 32.645) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :dresden-codex a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Dresden Codex" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1000 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Amate (bark paper), pigment" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (20.683056 -88.568611) ; # Chichen Itza :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :maya-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :hoa-hakananai-a a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Hoa Hakananai'a" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 1000 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :note "From British Museum website: “Ancestor figure 'moai', called Hoa Hakananaiʻa (lost, hidden or stolen friend) made of basalt. The back of the figure features intricate petroglyphs associated with the bird man religion (tangata manu): birds, vulvas, dance paddles in the form of stylised human figures, a ring and a girdle design.”" ; :material-note "Basalt stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Chile" ; :representative-latlong-point (-27.12 -109.35) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :castle-gardens-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Castle Gardens Petroglyph Site" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1000 ; :latest-date 1250 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “ ... a 6-mile (9.7 km) by 1-mile (1.6 km) region of vertical cliff faces in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States, with extensive petroglyph images incised in the rock faces. The glyphs include images of water turtles and circular shields, as well as human and animal figures.[2] The figures with circular shields are particular to the area, and are known as Castle Gardens Shield style images. A consensus of researchers is that the figures were carved by Athabaskans related to the Navajo and Apache, some time between 1000 AD and 1250 AD”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.9293 -107.6137) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :flourite-figurine-ware-mounds a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Flourite figureine from Ware Mounds" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1000 ; :latest0date 1300 ; :material-note "Flourite" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “A Mississippian culture stone statue made of fluorite was found buried in Mound 1 by Thomas Perrine in 1873 and nicknamed ‘Anna’.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (37.446389 -89.4) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :three-rivers-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Three Rivers Petroglyphs" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1000 ; :latest-date 1400 ; :note "Adapted from Wikipedia: “There are over 21,000 petroglyphs at the Three Rivers Petroglyph Site at Three Rivers, New Mexico, located midway between Tularosa and Carrizozo in Otero County on Highway 54. Many of the petroglyphs can be easily viewed from a trail open to the public which winds through the rocks for about one mile. The petroglyphs are thought to be the product of the Jornada Mogollon people between about 1000 and 1400 AD.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (33.346944 -106.011667) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :gold-mask-princess-chen-state a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Gold funerary mask of “Princess of Chen State”" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 1018 ; :material-note "Gold" ; :note "From Wikipedia: ”The entombed princess was found with “a gold funerary mask, a silver mesh suit, jade ornaments, and precious glass, ceramic, and metal vessels”, among other objects showing diverse origins and influences. Around her neck she wore two amber bead necklaces of different sizes, made using material from the Baltic Sea region, bearing the name of the Liao dynasty and bird, fish, and flower carvings - Chinese motifs symbolizing luck and wards against evil.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China" ; :representative-latlong-point (42.390995 121.037075) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :chaco-clay-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Chaco Clay Figurines" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1020 ; :latest-date 1140 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "From the NPS website: “Two unfired clay anthropomorphic figurines, one male, one female. Roughly modelled bodies and facial features. Inset charcoal for eyes. Black paint for hair. The female's hair is in whorls. Both of the female's arms and one of the male's arms have broken off. Representation of human figures among Anasazi was most uncommon. These are the only such figures in the Chaco Culture collection" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :anasazi ; :representative-latlong-point (36.0698 -107.9574) ; :thumbnail-image . :maya-codex-of-mexico a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Maya Codex of Mexico" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1021 ; :latest-date 1152 ; :material-note "Tree bark" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mexico" ; :representative-latlong-point (16.53 -92.45) ; # Chiapas from wikipedia page :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :maya-culture ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :keller-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Keller Figurine" ; :described-by ; :period-note "Cahokia (Illinois)" ; :earliest-date 1050 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (38.8275 -89.9355) ; # BBB site bounding box from TDAR :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mississippian ; :note "The mapped point is the approximate location of the BBB Motor Site. See the wikipedia page for more information." ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :pilling-figurines a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "So-called Pilling Figurines" ; :described-by , , ; :approximate-date 1050 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Pilling Figurines are all around 4 to 6 inches (roughly 10 to 15 cm) in height. They are constructed of unbaked clay and are decorated with applied clay ornaments. The figurines also show evidence of red, buff, and black paint. These markings and colors have offered insight and revealed how ancient Fremont people dressed and adorned themselves. Each one is distinctive in both appearance and gender. The female figurines have breasts, wider hips, and wear aprons while the male figurines wear loincloths (except for one which has a kilt of sorts). They appear to have been made in matching male and female pairs leaving an unmatched female figurine. They are considered to be among the most important pieces of ancient portable art that have been discovered in the Southwest.[3] All eleven figurines, can now be viewed at the USU Eastern Prehistoric Museum.”" ; :material-note "Unfired Clay" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (39.3075 -110.057222) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :manuscript-covers-buddhist-deities a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Manuscript Covers with Buddhist Deities" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1075 ; :latest-date 1100 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :in-modern-country-note "Nepal" ; :representative-latlong-point (27.666314 85.353615) ; :thumbnail-image . :cahokian-resting-warrior-figurine a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Cahokian Resting Warrior Figurine" ; :described-by ; :period-note "Cahokia (Illinois)" ; :earliest-date 1100 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.311944 -94.568611) ; # Spiro mounds :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mississippian ; :thumbnail-image . :high-relief-figure-parakrama-samudraa-reservoir a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "High Relief Figure near Parakrama Samudraa Reservoir" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1100 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Stone" ; :in-modern-country-note "Sri Lanka" ; :representative-latlong-point (7.92627 80.99484) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :lewis-chessmen a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Lewis Chessmen" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 1100 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :note "From Wikipedia: “The Lewis chessmen (Scottish Gaelic: Fir-thàilisg Leòdhais [fiɾʲˈhaːlɪʃkʲ loː.ɪʃ]) or Uig chessmen, named after the island or the bay where they were found, are a group of distinctive 12th-century chess pieces, along with other game pieces, most of which are carved from walrus ivory. Discovered in 1831 on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, they may constitute some of the few complete, surviving medieval chess sets, although it is not clear if a single complete period-accurate set can be assembled from the pieces.”" ; :material-note "Walrus ivory, Whales’ teeth" ; :in-modern-country-note "Scotland" ; :representative-latlong-point (58.185987 -7.021909) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . # 1150 - 1250 https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1968.75/ :horserider-attendants-bougouni a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Horserider with Four Attendants from Bougouni Region" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1100 ; :latest-date 1500 ; :material-note "Ceramic" ; :note "Mapped locatoin approximate: “Terracotta figures like this set might have served a ritual purpose. The adornment on the figures, including the hairstyles and possible scarification marks, suggest status and wealth. The horse-and-rider with a knife strapped to his left arm may evoke the significant role that cavalry played in the expansion of empires and control of trade routes in West Africa during past centuries.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mali" ; :representative-latlong-point (11.366424 -7.470627) ; :thumbnail-image . :bayeux-tapestry a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Bayeaux Tapestry" ; :described-by ; :approximate-date 1120 ; :material-note "Embroidered Cloth" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (49.2744 0.7003) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :luohan-laundering-silk a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Luohan laundering 羅漢洗濯圖" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1175 ; :latest-date 1178 ; :material-note "Ink on Silk" ; :note "From Smithsonian website: “Illustrating a scene from the daily life of Buddhist monks, this painting belongs to a set of one hundred hanging scrolls depicting the five hundred luohan, or Buddhist saints. The set of paintings was commissioned by a Buddhist abbot in 1175 and completed by Lin Tinggui and another painter three years later. The paintings were transported to Japan in the thirteenth century and eventually became the property of the Daitokuji, a Buddhist temple in Kyoto. In 1894 the Daitokuji, in need of funds for repairs, exhibited forty-four of the scrolls in Boston, where 10 of the paintings were sold. The Japanese presented this painting in gratitude to the tour's American organizer, who sold it in 1902 to Charles Lang Freer.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "China and Japan" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.319722 139.5525) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :mary-seated-christ a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Mary Seated with Christ Child" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1175 ; :latest-date 1200 ; :material-note "Walnut wood, Paint, Tin relief, Lead white, Linen" ; :in-modern-country-note "France" ; :representative-latlong-point (45.333333 3) ; :thumbnail-image . :bust-of-jayavarman-vii a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Bust of Jayavarman VII" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1181 ; :latest-date 1218 ; :material-note "Sandstone" ; :note "From the English version of the musée Guimet website: “The king is represented at a mature age, his face slightly chubby in a posture of humble meditation with lowered eyes. His lips showcase the serene smile famously associated with Angkor. This sculpture is in the Bayon style, (late 12th century - early 13th century) a departure from the somewhat impersonal ideal standard of youth and beauty previously in favour. Bayon sculptors adopted a more naturalistic and human-like approach, modelling more sensitive faces sometimes inspired by the King and his contemporaries. These works are very expressive, even while showing great restraint, and reflect the serenity of the soul and of the royal grandeur through devotion.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Cambodia" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :khmer-empire ; :representative-latlong-point (13.4125 103.866667) ; # Angkhor as contemporary capital :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :emmons-rattle-mask a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "So-called Emmons Rattle Mask" ; :defined-by , ; :approximate-date 1200 ; :material-note "Coniferous wood, copper" ; :note "From Wikipedia: “... carved red cedar believed to have been deposited in the grave sometime between 1200–1400 CE. The piece measures 11.9 centimetres (4.7 in) by 9.9 centimetres (3.9 in) by 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in) and was once adorned with sheet copper and paint made from galena, a lead ore.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (40.2146 -90.209981) ; :thumbnail-image . :anthropomorphic-helmet-visor a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Anthropomorphic Helmet Visor" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1200 ; :latest-date 1250 ; :in-modern-country-note "Russia" ; :representative-latlong-point (54.30441 35.56885) ; :thumbnail-image . :kneeling-figuring-natamatao a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Kneeling Figure from Natamatao" ; :described-by ; :earliest-date 1200 ; :latest-date 1300 ; :material-note "Terracotta" ; :note "From the Northwestern University Website: “This terracotta figure of a seated man was found at Natamatao, Mali, alongside skeletons of horses and humans. It was part of a widespread local terracotta sculpture tradition that stretched from the tenth to the fifteenth century. The Niger River’s fertile inland delta supported a thriving urbanism in the Middle Ages that included more than sixty interdependent communities.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Mali" ; :representative-latlong-point (14.466646 -5.000955) ; :thumbnail-image . :seated-figurine-djenne-djenno a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Seated Figurine from Djenné-Djenno" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1200 ; :latest-date 1300 ; :in-modern-country-note "Mali" ; :material-note "Terracotta" ; :note "From Met Museum website: “ ... figure huddles with its leg hugged to its chest and its head dropped on its knee. It simultaneously suggests the knotted tension of anxiety and the sublime absorption of deep prayer. Created over 700 years ago, in the Inland Niger Delta region of present-day Mali, this elegant work's intense emotional immediacy blurs the boundaries of time and place. / This terracotta sculpture comes from a site called Jenne-jeno, the oldest known city in sub-Saharan Africa. Jenne-jeno flourished in the ninth century A.D., but declined and was abandoned by 1400. Items of cast brass and forged iron, clay vessels, and figures like this one survive. They testify to what scholars contend was a richly varied and highly sophisticated urban society." ; # :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mopti-culture ; :representative-latlong-point (13.890556 -4.540278) ; # Mali :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :effigy-mask-antlers a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Effigy Mask with Antlers from Spiro" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1200 ; :latest-date 1450 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (35.311146 -94.569449) ; :thumbnail-image . # 1221 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba :river-creek-tennessee-tablet a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "River Creek Tennessee Tablet" ; :described-by , , ; :earliest-date 1250 ; :latest-date 1350 ; :note "Mapped point is approximate. Also known as the “Thruston Tablet”. From the Tennessee State Museum Website: “This prehistoric pictoglyph depicts images of people, their clothing, jewelry, and other ornamentation in a variety of scenes. It is a palimpsest, a piece of writing material that has been reused but still has traces of its earlier writings. It is also a storyboard. A recent study by a group of scholars revealed that three distinct layers of imagery could be identified. When examined separately, it was determined that the layers may represent a mythic story rather than a historical event, as was originally thought by those who first found the pictoglyph. The imagery depicted on the tablet is like that found on other forms of Mississippian Cultural Period art.”" ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point (36.344856 -86.261173) ; :thumbnail-image . :etowah-mound-marble-figures a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Etowah Mound Marble Figures" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1250 ; :latest-date 1375 ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :material-note "Marble" ; :note "From wikipedia: “Marble effigies from the Etowah Mound C, c. 1250–1375: kneeling woman on left, and man on right.”" ; :art-historical-culture-or-tradition :mississippian ; :representative-latlong-point (34.125131 -84.807664) ; :wikimedia-commons-image-page . :chincha-burial-post a :human-figure ; rdfs:label "Chinca Culture Burial Post" ; :described-by , ; :earliest-date 1400 ; :latest-date 1535 ; :material-note "Wood" ; :note "Specific findspot not known. From Met Museum website: “”" ; :in-modern-country-note "Peru" ; :representative-latlong-point (-13.451387 -76.170803 ) ; :thumbnail-image . :poka-i-bay-petroglyphs a :group-of-human-figures ; rdfs:label "Pōkaʻī Bay Petroglyphs" ; :described-by , ; :approximate-date 1500 ; :note "From Hawaii NPR website: “Archaeologists identified a total of 26 petroglyphs. Of the 18 anthropomorphic stick figures, eight are depicted with possible male genitalia and the remainder are of undetermined gender, the report said. / The entire panel stretches about 115 feet long ..." ; :in-modern-country-note "United States" ; :representative-latlong-point ( 21.447081 -158.191729 ) ; :thumbnail-image .